As和Ni超标矿山土壤对不同桑树品种生长及根际微生物多样性的影响  

Impact of Mine Soil Containing Excessive Arsenic and Nickel on the Growth and Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity of Different Mulberry Varieties

作　　者：吴春标 谢云会 耿涛 武华周 娄德钊 王树昌[2] 卢芙萍[2] WU Chunbiao;XIE Yunhui;GENG Tao;WU Huazhou;LOU Dezhao;WANG Shuchang;LU Fuping(Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Institute of Environment and Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Tropical Crop Pest Management,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物病虫害综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第9期1966-1977,共12页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDYF2022SHFZ319);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(No.CARS-18-SYZ17)。

摘　　要：闭库尾矿库土壤生态修复及土地再生利用,不仅避免了随意排放风险,还能增加土地使用面积。桑树根系旺盛,抗逆性强,生物量大,用途广泛,在矿山重金属超标土壤修复和再利用中具有巨大潜力。本研究采用原土盆栽法比较3个桑树品种(Y120、G12和G62)一年生幼苗在矿区砷(As)和镍(Ni)复合污染土壤中种植60 d后的生长情况,以及桑树不同部位对As和Ni的富集差异,同时采用宏基因组分析桑树根际土壤微生物的差异,初步阐明不同桑树品种对As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤的适应能力及与其根际土壤微生物多样性间的关系。结果表明:种植60d后,3个桑树品种根际土壤Ni的污染指数均从种植前的中度降为轻度,G62根际土壤As的污染指数则从重度污染降为中度污染。3个桑树品种的地上部分和根系生长部分均受到抑制,但G62的生长总体优于Y120和G12,G12生长较差。3个桑树品种对As的转运系数和富集系数均小于Ni,对As的富集能力为根>叶>茎,根部积累As的量占植株总量的47.33%~50.52%,品种间差异较小,但对Ni的富集能力则在不同品种间存在差异,G12、G62、Y120根部Ni积累量占植株总量依次为25.67%、38.46%和47.14%,品种间差异较大。生长较好的G62根际土壤中Nocardioides、Thiomonas和Rhizobium 3个属的丰富度显著高于G12和Y120,其中Thiomonas sp.在G62中丰富度最高,结合G62根际土壤As的污染指数下降较多的事实,说明这些属和种可能更多地参与桑树根际对As的阻隔吸收或解毒。Sphingopyxissp.在G12中丰富度最高,该品种在体内转移和富集的As和Ni均最低,可能与其更多地参与桑树对As和Ni复合污染的解毒有关。研究结果为筛选出适宜矿区生长的抗复合重金属的桑树品种及可促进桑树在As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤生长的菌株筛选和利用奠定基础。The soil ecological restoration and land recycling of the closed tailings reservoir not only avoid the risk of random discharge,but also increase the land use area.Mulberry has strong root system,strong stress resistance,large biomass and wide application.It has great potential in the remediation and reuse of heavy metals in mines.In this study,the growth of one-year-old seedlings of three mulberry varieties(Y120,G12 and G62)after 60 days of planting in arsenic and nickel combined pollution soil in the mining area and the enrichment of arsenic and nickel in different parts were compared by the original soil pot method.At the same time,the difference of rhizosphere soil microorganisms was analyzed by metagenomics to preliminarily elucidate the adaptability of different mulberry varieties to arsenic and nickel combined pollution mine soil and its relationship with rhizosphere soil microbial diversity.The results showed that after 60 days of planting,the pollution index of nickel in the rhizosphere soil of the three varieties decreased from moderate to mild before planting,and the pollution index of arsenic in the rhizosphere soil of G62 decreased from severe pollution to moderate pollution.The shoot and root growth of the three mulberry varieties were inhibited,but the growth of G62 was better than that of Y120 and G12,and the growth of G12 was worse.The transport coefficient and enrichment coefficient of arsenic in the three mulberry varieties were less than that of nickel.The enrichment ability of arsenic was root>leaf>stem.The accumulation of arsenic in roots accounted for 47.33%-50.52%of the total plant,and the difference between varieties was not significant.However,the enrichment ability of nickel was different among different varieties.The accumulation of nickel in roots accounted for 25.67%(G12),38.46%(G62)and 47.14%(Y120)of the total plant,and the difference between varieties was significant.The richness of Nocardioides,Thiomonas and Rhizobium in the rhizosphere soil of G62 with better growth was significa

关 键 词：桑树 AS NI 复合污染 富集 生长 根际土壤微生物 品种筛选 

分 类 号：S888[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] X53[农业科学—畜牧兽医]