基于多目标综合评价的苹果水氮综合调控  

Optimization of Integrated Water and Nitrogen Regulation System in Apple Based on Multi-Objective Comprehensive Evaluation

作　　者：周罕觅 马林爽 孙旗立 陈佳庚 李纪琛 苏裕民 陈诚 吴奇[2] ZHOU HanMi;MA LinShuang;SUN QiLi;CHEN JiaGeng;LI JiChen;SU YuMin;CHEN Cheng;WU Qi(College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,Henan;College of Water Resource,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农业装备工程学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第18期3654-3670,共17页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52379039,51909079);河南省科技特派员项目(2023年度);河南科技大学青年骨干教师项目(13450001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探寻滴灌水氮综合调控对北方半干旱地区苹果树生长生理、水肥利用效率、产量和果实品质的综合影响,以确定最优水氮调控制度。【方法】试验设置灌水与施肥两个调控因素,灌水设3个调控水平,分别为田间持水量(θf)的75%—90%(W1)、60%—75%(W2)、45%—60%(W3);施肥设4个调控水平,施用的N-P2O5-K2O分别为:18-12-6 g/株(F1)、15-12-6 g/株(F2)、12-12-6 g/株(F3)、9-12-6 g/株(F4),分析不同水氮处理对苹果树的生长生理、水肥利用效率、干物质量、产量、果实品质等的影响,以节水节肥、高产高品质为目标,建立基于AHP-CRITIC组合赋权与TOPSIS耦合模型。【结果】水肥交互对植株生长量、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)、肥料偏生产力(PFP)、单果重和产量产生了极显著影响,对基茎生长量产生了显著影响。在不同水肥耦合处理下,适度亏缺的灌水和施氮处理更有利于提高苹果树植株生长量、基茎生长量、叶面积、干物质量、产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、水分生产率(WP)、IWUE、FPP和单果重,其最大值均出现在F2W2处理,SPAD、净光合速率和蒸腾速率随灌水量和施氮量的增加呈增加趋势,但轻度亏缺的灌水和施氮处理对生理指标的影响并不大,F1W2和F2W1处理与F1W1相比,分别仅降低了3.5%、3.1%、7.7%和3.5%、3.1%、3.8%。采用AHP-CRITIC组合确定指标组合权重,其中产量的权重最大,为0.406,其次为维生素C;采用TOPSIS算法构建苹果多目标综合评价体系,评选出F2W2处理下的综合评分最高,为0.8974,F1W2和F2W1处理次之,而F4W3处理评分最低,仅为0.0177。由建立的苹果生长水肥耦合交互响应模型可得出,灌水量和施肥量对苹果生长综合评分的效应均为开口向下的抛物线,苹果生长综合评分随灌水量或施肥量的增加表现出了先增后减的趋势,符合报酬递减效应,即灌水量和施氮量超过一定的范围后再继续增加�【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the comprehensive impact of integrated drip irrigation and nitrogen regulation on the growth,physiology,water-nitrogen utilization efficiency,yield,and fruit quality of apple trees in northern semi-arid regions,and to determine the optimal water-nitrogen regulatory system.【Method】The experimental design involved two regulatory factors:irrigation and fertilizer application.Three irrigation levels were set up,representing 75%-90%(W1),60%-75%(W2),and 45%-60%(W3)of field water capacity,respectively.Four fertilizer application levels were set,with N-P2O5-K2O of 18-12-6 g/plant(F1),15-12-6 g/plant(F2),12-12-6 g/plant(F3),and 9-12-6 g/plant(F4).The study analyzed the effects of different water-nitrogen treatments on the growth and physiological indicators,water-fertilizer utilization efficiency,dry matter,yield,and fruit quality of apple trees.With the objectives of water and fertilizer saving,as well as high yield and high quality,a comprehensive evaluation model was established by combining the AHP-CRITIC combination weight method and the TOPSIS model.【Result】Water-fertilizer coupling produced highly significant effects on plant growth,chlorophyll content(SPAD),irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE),fertilizer partial productivity(PFP),fruit weight and yield of apple trees,and significant effects on basal stem growth.Under different water-fertilizer coupling treatments,the moderate deficit of irrigation and nitrogen application treatments were more favorable to increase plant growth,basal stem growth,leaf area,dry matter,yield,water use efficiency(WUE),water productivity(WP),IWUE,FPP,and fruit weight of apple trees,and their maximums occurred in the F2W2 treatment.The SPAD,photosynthesis rate,and transpiration rate of apple trees increased with increasing amounts of irrigation and nitrogen,but the moderate deficit of irrigation and nitrogen application treatments had no significant effect on physiological indices,with the F1W2 and F2W1 treatments decreasing by

关 键 词：苹果 生长生理 滴灌 水氮利用效率 综合评价模型 水氮调控 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]