169份番茄种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价  

Identification and Evaluation of Phenotypic Characters and Genetic Diversity Analysis of 169 Tomato Germplasm Resources

作　　者：李玉姗 肖菁[1] 马越 田超 赵连佳[1] 王帆 宋羽[1] 蒋程瑶 LI YuShan;XIAO Jing;MAYue;TIAN Chao;ZHAO LianJia;WANG Fan;SONG Yu;JIANG ChengYao(Crop Variety Resources Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Central Asian Characteristic Crop Germplasm Resources Medium-Term Gene Bank(Urumqi),Urumqi 830091;College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 610000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所/国家中亚特色作物种质资源中期库(乌鲁木齐),乌鲁木齐830091 [2]四川农业大学园艺学院,成都610000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第18期3671-3683,I0011-I0014,共17页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2021013);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A03004-1);新疆蔬菜产业技术体系(XJARS-07);四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1759)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析来自世界各地的栽培番茄和野生种质资源表型遗传多样性,并进行聚类分析和口感表现综合评价,筛选特异、优质的番茄资源,为番茄优异基因挖掘及番茄育种提供种质和理论支撑。【方法】以国内外收集的169份番茄资源为研究对象,测定全生育期38个表型性状,通过遗传多样性指数、主成分分析、权重、系统聚类、隶属函数等多元统计分析方法,对番茄种质表型进行遗传多样性分析、聚类分析及口感综合评价。【结果】169份番茄表型性状变异系数在18%—368%、遗传多样性指数在0.036—2.302,遗传多样性指数>1的性状有26个,其中成熟果色的遗传多样性指数最高(2.302),说明本研究中的169份番茄类型多样、遗传多样性丰富。相关性分析表明株高较高、单花序花数多、果实小的番茄糖酸比更高。主成分分析表明16个表型性状(单果重、心室数、果肩形状、果肩棱沟、商品果纵横径、糖酸比、可溶性固形物、木栓化大小、生长习性、株高、第二花序节位、花序类型、成熟果色、花序花数、株型)对资源变异的贡献率比较大,可作为聚类分析的主要指标;聚类分析结果表明:169份番茄资源在欧氏距离5.0处划分为10大类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群为奇斯曼尼番茄,第Ⅲ、Ⅹ类群为不同果实大小的直立番茄,第Ⅳ、Ⅴ类群为无限生长的普通大果型番茄,第Ⅵ类群是直立型的大果番茄,第Ⅶ、Ⅷ类群多为樱桃番茄、少部分醋栗番茄,第Ⅸ类群为有限生长型的大果番茄。利用隶属函数法和权重对番茄果实口感风味进行综合评价,根据综合评价D值排名筛选了10份风味甜酸、口感好的醋栗番茄、樱桃番茄,5份口感甜、肉质沙软的大果番茄资源。【结论】研究结果明确了169份番茄种质资源表型特异性和丰富的遗传多样性,聚类分析筛选出各类群特异的番茄资源,利用果实口感相关指标【Objective】The phenotypic genetic diversity and taste performance of cultivated and wild tomato germplasm resources around the world was analyzed,in order to screen specific and high-quality tomato resources,so as to provide the germplasm and theoretical support for the exploration of excellent tomato genes and tomato breeding.【Method】A total of 169 tomato resources collected domestically and internationally were used as the research object,and 38 phenotypic traits of them were measured throughout the entire growth period.The genetic diversity analysis,cluster analysis,and comprehensive evaluation of tomato germplasm phenotypes were conducted through multiple statistical analysis methods,such as genetic diversity index,principal component analysis,weight,systematic clustering,and membership function.【Result】The variation coefficient of phenotypic traits in 169 tomato samples ranged from 18%to 368%,and the genetic diversity index ranged from 0.036 to 2.302.There were 26 traits with a genetic diversity index>1,among which the genetic diversity index for mature fruit color was the highest(2.302),indicating that the 169 tomato samples in this study were diverse in type and rich in genetic diversity.Correlation analysis showed that tomatoes with the higher plant height,the more flowers per inflorescence,and the smaller fruits had a higher sugar-to-acid ratio.Principal component analysis showed that 16 phenotypic traits(single fruit weight,number of ventricles,fruit shoulder shape,fruit shoulder furrows,longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruits,ratio of sugar to acid,soluble solids,cork size,growth habits,plant height,second inflorescence node position,inflorescence type,mature fruit color,number of inflorescence flowers,and plant type)had a relatively large contribution rate to resource variation,and could be used as the main indicator for cluster analysis.The clustering analysis results showed that 169 tomato resources were divided into 10 major groups at a Euclidean distance of 5.0.The first and se

关 键 词：番茄 种质资源 表型鉴定 聚类分析 遗传多样性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]