轻简式油茶侧枝夹持振动采摘装置研究  

Research on vibration picking device for light and simple Camellia oleifera lateral branches

作　　者：涂恒铭 饶洪辉[1] 李涛[1] 童金杰[1,2] 王邦进 刘木华 Tu Hengming;Rao Honghui;Li Tao;Tong Jinjie;Wang Bangjin;Liu Muhua(Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,330045,China;Jiangxi Institute of Science and Technology Information,Nanchang,330046,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学现代农业装备重点实验室,南昌市330045 [2]江西省科学技术信息研究所,南昌市330046

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第10期33-38,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2202104);国家林业和草原局应急科技项目(202202);江西省林业厅科技项目(YCYJZX20220202)。

摘　　要：针对油茶树成林后立地条件复杂,采摘机械作业空间小,中、大型机械化采摘作业难等问题,基于油茶侧枝水平夹持振动采摘工作原理,设计一种轻简式油茶果侧枝夹持振动采摘装置。根据振动装置采摘原理与试验相结合的分析方法,建立油茶果振动力学模型,分析对油茶果采摘效果产生影响的主要因素。以树枝直径、激振机构振幅、频率为试验因素,将油茶果采净率和花苞损伤率作为试验指标,开展油茶果振动采摘试验。结果表明,激振机构振动频率对油茶果采净率、花苞损伤率影响均为最显著。当树枝直径为16 mm、激振机构振幅为40 mm、振动频率为16 Hz,对应的油茶果采净率为85.70%,花苞损伤率为4.45%,采摘效果最佳,基本符合采摘要求。Aiming at the problems such as the complexity of ground conditions after the Camellia oleifera tree forest,the limited space for the picking machinery operation,and the challenges of medium and large‑scale mechanized picking,a lightweight and simple Camellia oleifera fruit lateral branch clamping vibration picking device based on the working principle of horizontal clamping vibration picking of the Camellia oleifera lateral branches was designed.The mechanics model for Camellia oleifera fruit vibration was established by analyzing the main factors that affected the effectiveness of Camellia oleifera fruit picking,based on the vibration device picking principle and experimental analysis methods.The experiment tested the Camellia oleifera fruit picking rate and bract damage rate by using branch diameter,amplitude,and frequency of the vibration mechanism as test factors.The results showed that the vibration frequency of the vibration mechanism had the most significant impact on the Camellia oleifera fruit picking rate and bract damage rate.Specifically,when the branch diameter of 16 mm,amplitude of 40 mm,the vibration frequency of 16 Hz,corresponding to the Camellia oleifera fruit picking rate was 85.70%,bud damage rate of 4.45%,which was in line with the picking requirements.

关 键 词：油茶果 振动采摘 振动力学模型 侧枝夹持 轻简式 

分 类 号：S225.93[农业科学—农业机械化工程]