氨水对城市绿地重大入侵害虫红火蚁的熏蒸毒力测定  

The Fumigation Toxicity of Ammonia to Solenopsis invicta,A Major Invasive Pest in Urban Green Spaces

作　　者：邓杰夫 梁铭荣 李平东 苟军 王磊[1] DENG Jiefu;LIANG Mingrong;LI Pingdong;GOU Jun;WANG Lei(Red Imported Fire Ant Research Centre,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China,510642;Shenzhen Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion Center,Shenzhen Administration for Market Regulation,Shenzhen,Guangdong,China 518057;Tongjiang County Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station,Bazhong,Sichuan,China,636700)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学红火蚁研究中心,广州510642 [2]深圳市农业科技促进中心,深圳518057 [3]通江县植保植检站,巴中636700

出　　处：《园林》2024年第10期137-142,共6页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“红火蚁防控关键技术研究与集成示范”(编号:2021YFD1000500)。

摘　　要：红火蚁是一种全球性的入侵害虫。化学药剂是目前防控红火蚁的主要手段,但大部分化学药剂都不能用于防控城市绿地、有机农场等生态敏感区内的红火蚁。氨是自然界中最简单的氢化物,对城市绿化环境较为友好。为筛选可在城市绿地中使用的红火蚁绿色非化学防控药剂,结合室内和野外试验评估了氨水对红火蚁的防治效果。试验结果表明,氨水在中高浓度下对红火蚁有较高毒性。在室内条件熏蒸下,15.81 mg/L氨处理24 h后,工蚁校正死亡率为100%,雄性生殖蚁校正死亡率为87.07%,雌性生殖蚁校正死亡率为97.41%;17.56 mg/L氨处理24 h后,雄性生殖蚁与雌性生殖蚁校正死亡率均能达到99.14%。在相对中高浓度下,雄性生殖蚁与雌性生殖蚁对氨水熏蒸毒性的耐受度显著高于工蚁。野外试验表明,经24.59 g/L氨水处理灌巢后14 d,蚁巢防治效果达到60.83%,工蚁防治效果达到54.36%。研究结果为在城市绿地生境中利用氨水防控红火蚁提供了重要的理论依据。The red imported fi re ant,Solenopsis invicta,is a global invasive insect pest.Currently,chemical treatment is the primary method for fi re ant control.However,most chemicals are unsuitable for environmentally sensitive areas,such as urban green spaces and organic farms.Ammonia is the simplest pnictogen hydride and is more ecologically friendly in urban green spaces.To screen green non-chemical control agents for S.invicta that can be used in urban green spaces,the effi cacy of ammonia against red imported fi re ants was evaluated in combination with indoor and fi eld trials.In this paper,the toxicity of ammonia on workers and alates of S.invicta was tested under laboratory conditions.After 24 h treatment with 15.81 mg/L ammonia,the mortality of workers,males,and female alates were 100%,87.07%,and 97.41%,respectively.After 24 h treatment with 17.56 mg/L ammonia,the mortality of both male and female alates is over 99.14%.In addition,the tolerance of alates to ammonia fumigation was much higher than workers.The fi eld trials showed that the mortality of fi re ant mounds and reduction rate of workers were 60.83%and 54.36%after 14 d mound drench of 24.59 g/L ammonia treatment,respectively.This study provides a critical,necessary,essential,vital,and theoretical basis for the use of ammonia for the control of crucial theoretical basis for the use of ammonia to control S.invicta in urban greenfi eld habitats.

关 键 词：红火蚁 氨水 熏蒸毒力测定 城市绿地 非化学防治 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]