通过干预措施降低超重/肥胖女性妊娠期糖尿病发病率的研究现状  

Research on reducing gestational diabetes mellitus incidence in overweight/obese women through interventions

作　　者：王译鹤 隽娟 杨慧霞[2] 麻莉 Wang Yihe;Juan Juan;Yang Huixia;Ma Li(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Training base for Postgraduate Students PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center of Jinzhou Medical University,Beijing 100088,China;Department of Obstetrics&Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,the PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学火箭军特色医学中心研究生培养基地妇产科,北京100088 [2]北京大学第一医院妇产生殖医学中心,北京100034 [3]火箭军特色医学中心妇产科,北京100088

出　　处：《中华围产医学杂志》2024年第9期780-784,共5页Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine

摘　　要：超重/肥胖是妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的重要危险因素。超重/肥胖和GDM均可对母婴造成不同程度的影响。通过提前干预降低超重/肥胖人群GDM的发病率,减少妊娠期母婴不良结局迫在眉睫。目前的干预措施研究主要集中在运动与饮食、电子设备远程干预、营养补充剂,以及药物与减重手术等方面。运动与饮食干预是降低GDM发病率最重要的手段,其效果可因开始干预的时机、干预时间、干预方式的不同而不同。孕产妇的依从性同样也是重要的影响因素。电子设备远程干预、各种营养补充剂及药物干预效果仍存在一定争议。减重手术能带来潜在获益,但对母体营养状况和胎儿的生长发育可能产生一定影响。孕前减重和防止孕期增重过多是降低GDM发生的关键举措。Overweight/obesity is an important risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Overweight/obesity and GDM can affect maternal and infants to varying degrees.Reducing the incidence of GDM in overweight/obese people by early intervention is imminent.Current researches on interventions mainly focus on exercise and diet,remote interventions with electronic devices,nutritional supplements,medications,and weight loss surgery.Exercise and diet interventions are the most significant means to reduce the incidence of GDM,and their effectiveness can be affected by the timing,duration,and intervention methods.Maternal compliance is also an essential influencing factor.The efficacy of remote interventions by electronic devices,various nutritional supplements,and drug interventions remains controversial.Weight loss surgery may offer potential benefits but may have some implications on maternal nutritional status and fetal growth and development.Pre-pregnancy weight loss and prevention of excessive weight gain during pregnancy are key initiatives to reduce the incidence of GDM.

关 键 词：糖尿病 妊娠 肥胖症 超重 妊娠结局 

分 类 号：R714.256[医药卫生—妇产科学]