异种肝移植的挑战与机遇  

Challenges and opportunities of liver xenotransplantation

作　　者：唐潇 王了然 郑树森[1,2] 汪恺 徐骁 Tang Xiao;Wang Liaoran;Zheng Shusen;Wang Kai;Xu Xiao(School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310011,Zhejiang,China;NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation,Hangzhou 310003,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院,浙江杭州310011 [2]国家卫生健康委多器官联合移植重点实验室,浙江杭州310003

出　　处：《生物医学转化》2024年第3期2-12,共11页Biomedical Transformation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项项目(2021YFA1100500)。

摘　　要：器官移植是治疗终末期器官衰竭最有效的方式,但供器官的严重匮乏导致许多患者在等待移植的过程中死亡。随着基础研究的突破、基因编辑技术的发展和新型免疫抑制剂的问世,异种移植被视为解决供器官短缺问题最具潜力的方式。近些年,国内外研究人员在非人灵长类动物(NHPs)、脑死亡患者,终末期心力衰竭、终末期肾病和晚期肝癌患者上陆续开展了多项研究,但免疫排斥反应和凝血功能障碍等诸多问题仍限制着受者的生存,也阻碍着异种移植在临床应用方面取得实质性突破。因此,本文系统地回顾了当前国内外异种移植研究的最新进展,聚焦异种肝移植后免疫排斥反应和凝血功能障碍等问题的解决策略。Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure.However,donor shortage leads to many patients dying while waiting for transplants.With breakthroughs in basic research,advancements in gene editing technologies,and developments of new immunosuppressive drugs,xenotransplantation is regarded as the most promising solution to address the organ shortage crisis.In recent years,researchers both domestically and internationally have conducted multiple studies on non-human primates(NHPs),brain-dead donors,and patients with end-stage heart failure,end-stage renal disease,and advanced liver cancer.Nevertheless,challenges such as immune rejection and coagulation dysfunction continue to limit recipient survival,hindering significant breakthroughs in the clinical application of xenotransplantation.This review summarizes the latest developments in xenotransplantation research globally,with a focus on immune rejection and coagulation dysfunction following liver xenotransplantation.

关 键 词：基因修饰猪 异种移植 异种肝移植 免疫排斥反应 凝血功能障碍 共刺激阻断剂 跨物种感染 生理不兼容 

分 类 号：R617[医药卫生—外科学]