高校高水平女子足球运动员比赛跑动表现特征研究  

Research on Running Performance Characteristics of High Level Female Football Players in Universities

作　　者：赵薇[1] 施烜 ZHAO Wei;SHI Xuan(College of Physical Education,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学体育学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学体育部,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期64-73,共10页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Natural Science)

基　　金：西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升骨干项目(NWNU-SKON2023-17)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨中国高校高水平女足运动员在运动员排名、位置和比赛时间变化下的足球比赛跑动表现的特征和模式.方法:收集采用GPS可穿戴设备参加中国2020—2021年全国青年校园足球联盟(大学女子超级冠军联赛)的75支球队和393名球员的跑步数据,并对他们在不同比赛、不同位置和不同时期的跑步特征进行比较和分析.结果:①与上半场相比,下半场球员的比赛负荷数据呈下降趋势,上半场和下半场之间存在差异(P<0.01),且存在明显的位置特征.②上半场不同时期的球员跑动能力表现出“W”型特征,下半场表现出“M”型特征,上半场跑动表现一致,下半场有所下降.③上半场前、中、后卫球员在低速、中速、快速跑等方面存在差异(P<0.05),但下半场在高强度区的位置没有差异.球员有低强度的跑动,并在较短的时间内保持高强度的跑动,前后球员在这个指标上优于中场.结论:①比赛中高强度跑动占比较低,相应来讲,低速跑动与中速跑动跑距占比明显增加,同时跑动距离较短,主要表现出运动员的磷酸原和糖酵解系统能量供应与足球比赛所需存在一定的差距.②高强度的跑动距离偏少,中低强度跑距占比的增加反映了比赛中运动员体能恢复所需时间的增加.Objective This study aimed to explore the characteristics and patterns of running performance of highlevel female football players in Chinese universities under the change of player ranking,position and game periods.Methods The running data of 75 teams and 393 players who participated in China 2019-2021 National Youth Campus Football League(University Women’s Super Champions League)using GPS wearable devices were collected,and the running characteristics of different matches,positions and periods were compared and analyzed.Results①Compared with the first half,the players’match load data showed a downward trend in the second half,and there was a difference between the first half and the second half(P<0.01),and there were obvious location characteristics.②The running ability of players in the different periods in the first half showed a“W”type characteristic,and the second half showed a similar“M”type characteristic,the running performance was consistent in the first half,and decreased in the second half.③There were differences between the front,middle and fullback players in low speed,medium speed and fast running in the first half(P<0.05),but there was no difference in position in the high-intensity zone in the second half.Players had low-intensity runs and maintained high intensity runs for a shorter period of time,and front and back players are superior to midfielders on this indicator.

关 键 词：比赛跑步特点 大学高水平 女足球运动员 运动负荷 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练] G808.16[文化科学—体育学]