锰改性生物质炭对砷铅在大蒜中积累及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of manganese-modified biochar on accumulation of arsenic and lead in garlic and soil enzyme activity

作　　者：王瑞萍 杨兴 高玉蓉 陆扣萍[1] 何丽芝[1] 吴家森[1] 王海龙[1,3] WANG Ruiping;YANG Xing;GAO Yurong;LU Kouping;HE Lizhi;WU Jiasen;WANG Hailong(College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan,China;School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Foshan University,Foshan 528000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院/碳中和学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南海口570228 [3]佛山大学环境与化学工程学院,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2024年第5期1024-1036,共13页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22276031)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤重金属复合污染是当前农业生产活动中遇到的普遍问题之一。如何有效同步钝化土壤中的砷和铅已成为研究热点。【方法】以稻壳为原料制备原始生物质炭,并通过高锰酸钾改性制得锰改性生物质炭。使用大蒜Allium sativum为指示植物,进行盆栽试验,以评估不同施用量(10和30 g·kg^(-1))下原始生物质炭和锰改性生物质炭对土壤中砷和铅生物有效性及土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】施用各比例和种类的生物质炭显著提高了土壤有机质、速效钾和有效磷质量分数和pH(P<0.05),同时降低了土壤碱解氮质量分数。锰改性生物质炭相比原始生物质炭的效果更为显著。施用10 g·kg^(-1)锰改性生物质炭使土壤中有效态砷质量分数显著降低了11.5%,而30 g·kg^(-1)锰改性生物质炭显著降低了土壤二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)可提取态的铅质量分数,降低了28.3%(P<0.05)。相比对照,施用10 g·kg^(-1)锰改性生物质炭使土壤中β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖甘酶活性显著提高了11.6%,30 g·kg^(-1)锰改性生物质炭使土壤酸性磷酸酶和β-葡萄糖甘酶活性分别显著提高了9.8%和37.7%(P<0.05)。同时,锰改性生物质炭处理的大蒜植株中氮、磷、钾质量分数显著提高(P<0.05),砷、铅质量分数显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】锰改性生物质炭对提高土壤肥力和修复砷铅复合污染土壤表现出较大的潜力。图8表1参52.[Objective]Soil heavy metal pollution is a common problem encountered in agricultural production activities,and how to effectively and synchronously passivate arsenic and lead in soil has become a research hotspot.[Method]Raw biochar was prepared from rice husks,and manganese-modified biochar was obtained through potassium permanganate.Pot experiments were conducted using garlic(Allium sativum)as an indicator plant to evaluate the effects of raw biochar and manganese-modified biochar at different application rates(10 and 30 g·kg^(-1))on the bioavailability of arsenic and lead in soil and soil enzyme activities.[Result]The application of different proportions and types of biochar significantly increased the content and pH of soil organic matter,available potassium and available phosphorus(P<0.05),while decreased the content of soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen.The effect of manganese-modified biochar was more significant than that of original biochar.The application of 10 g·kg^(-1) manganese-modified biochar significantly reduced the content of available arsenic in soil by 11.5%,while 30 g·kg^(-1) manganese-modified biochar significantly decreased the content of lead in the extractable state of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA)in soil by 28.3%.Compared with the control,the application of 10 g·kg^(-1) manganese-modified biochar increased the activities ofβ-N-acetylglucosamine glycase by 11.6%,and the application of 30 g·kg^(-1) manganese-modified biochar significantly increased the activity of acid phosphatase andβ-glucoglycase by 9.8%and 37.7%,respectively.Meanwhile,the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in garlic plants treated with manganese-modified biochar significantly increased(P<0.05),while the contents of arsenic and lead significantly decreased(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Manganese-modified biochar has significant potential in improving soil fertility and repairing arsenic-lead contaminated soil.[Ch,8 fig.1 tab.52 ref.]

关 键 词：重金属 生物质炭 土壤修复 生物有效性 酶活性 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]