大型客车座舱语言清晰度试验研究  

Experimental Study on Speech Articulation in Large Bus Cabin

作　　者：黄子璇 熊嘉慧 邵社刚[3,4] 路可欣 袁旻忞 HUANG Zi-xuan;XIONG Jia-hui;SHAO She-gang;LU Ke-xin;YUAN Min-min(Jiangxi Highway Engineering Testing Center,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200,China;Jiangxi Transportation Engineering Group Construction Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330200,China;Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China;National Environmental Protection Engineering and Technology Center for Road Traffic Noise Control,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省公路工程检测中心,江西南昌330200 [2]江西省交通工程集团建设有限公司,江西南昌330200 [3]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088 [4]国家环境保护道路交通噪声控制工程技术中心,北京100088

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2024年第8期206-214,共9页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2023-9051)。

摘　　要：大型客车座舱语言清晰度对乘坐体验及驾驶安全具有重要影响。以48座柴油营运客车为例,结合座舱内声压级、混响时间、座舱内外空气隔声量等客观声学参量,将客观评价融入主观研究中。构建量化评价模型,连续采集静止和恒定车速运行的噪声数据,揭示多种复杂激励源共同作用下的大型客车座舱内真实声环境。分析听音者位置、发音者性别及运行工况对语言清晰度的影响,避免因语言清晰度造成的信息误解、误判。结果表明:不同区域的噪声幅值差别较大,语言清晰度随距发音者位置的增大而减小,呈现非正态分布;乘客区后部座舱声环境最差,且为语言清晰度分析阈值边界值,乘客区前部与中部的声环境较好且无显著差异;由于时长、基音及能量多方面的不同,使用女发音者优于男发音者,女发音者的语言清晰度效果较好且更稳定;在相同性别发音者的情况下,语言清晰度与运行速度呈现负相关,当车速达到60 km/h时,整体数据波动较大,语言清晰度数据波动达到峰值,平均得分降至74.6。本研究对降低大型客车座舱内噪声干扰、改善座舱内声环境提供积极的指导意义,适用于大型客车内声环境的优化设计。The speech articulation in large bus cabin has the significant influence on the riding experience and driving safety.This study took the 48-seat bus for example,and combined objective acoustic parameters,e.g.,sound pressure level in cabin,reverberation time,and airborne sound insulation inside and outside cabin.The objective evaluation was integrated into subjective research.The quantitative evaluation models were constructed.The noise data from stationary and constant speed operation were continuously collected.It was revealed that the real acoustic environment inside the large bus cabin was influenced by the multiple complex excitation sources.The influence of listeners’position,pronouncers’gender,and operating conditions on speech articulation were analyzed to avoid the misunderstanding and misjudgment caused by speech articulation.The result indicates that the noise amplitude vary considerably in different regions.The speech intelligibility decreases with the distance increasing from the articulator’s position,showing the nonnormal distribution.The acoustic environment in the rear cabin of passenger area is the worst,and it is the threshold boundary value for speech articulation analysis.The acoustic environment in the front and center of passenger area is better and not significantly different.Due to the differences in duration,pitch and energy,the female speakers have better and more stable speech articulation than male speakers.In the case of speakers of same gender,there is a negative correlation between speech articulation and running speed.When the vehicle speed reaches 60 km/h,the overall data fluctuates greatly.The fluctuation of speech articulation data reaches peak with an average score dropping to 74.6.This study provides positive guidance for reducing noise interference in the large bus cabin and improving the acoustic environment inside cabin.It is suitable for optimizing the sound environment inside large bus.

关 键 词：汽车工程 座舱内声环境 语言清晰度 大型客车 声压级 

分 类 号：U469.1[机械工程—车辆工程]