农林废物对畜粪堆肥有机质转化和酶活性的影响  

Effects of agricultural and forestry wastes on organic matter conversion and enzyme activity in livestock manure composting

作　　者：戴启鹏 向明灯 常兆峰 郭浩博 陆智勇 郑彤 张六一 于云江 DAI Qipeng;XIANG Mingdeng;CHANG Zhaofeng;GUO Haobo;LU Zhiyong;ZHENG Tong;ZHANG Liuyi;YU Yunjiang(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Health Risk Assessment of Environmental Pollution,South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室 [3]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院 [4]广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2024年第5期1541-1549,共9页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC1808902,2021YF01808901);国家自然科学基金项目(42107266);广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0949)。

摘　　要：通过好氧堆肥技术利用农林废物对畜禽粪便进行堆肥,是实现农林废物资源化利用且减轻其对环境污染的有效途径。采用新鲜牛粪辅以农林废物进行堆肥中试试验,通过表征堆肥过程中堆体理化性质差异、有机质与腐殖质的物质结构演化和酶活性的变化,探究不同农林废物对牛粪堆肥过程的影响。结果显示:在堆肥初期,堆体中易降解的有机质被微生物降解,导致堆体温度上升,且铵态氮、腐殖酸和富里酸含量逐渐下降;随着高温期的持续,微生物开始加速降解堆体中较难降解的大分子有机物,导致纤维素、半纤维素含量减少,木质素含量迅速上升;当温度下降后,硝化细菌活性逐渐增大,大量铵态氮转化成硝态氮,且堆体中有机物含量的减少,降低了脲酶活性;在堆肥后期,难降解的木质素占比较高,有机质利用变慢,多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降。研究结果可为优化堆肥过程、提高堆肥质量提供科学依据。Composting livestock and poultry manure through aerobic composting technology using agricultural and forestry wastes is an effective way to reduce environmental pollution and avoid waste of resources.Fresh cow manure supplemented with agricultural and forestry wastes was used for composting in pilot experiments.The effects of different agricultural and forestry wastes on the composting process were investigated by characterizing the differences in physical and chemical properties,the evolution of the material structure of organic matter and humus,and the changes in enzyme activities during the composting process.The results showed that in the early stage of composting,the easily degradable organic matter was degraded by microorganisms,resulting in an increase in the temperature of the compost.In addition,the contents of ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)N),humic acid(HS)and fulvic acid(FA)decreased gradually.As the high-temperature period continued,microorganisms began to accelerate the degradation of difficult-to-degrade macromolecular organic matter,leading to a decrease in cellulose and hemicellulose contents and a rapid increase in the proportion of lignin content.When the temperature dropped,the activity of nitrifying bacteria was gradually increased,and a large amount of ammonium nitrogen was converted into nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N).Furthermore,the reduction of organic matter content in the pile body diminished the urease activity.In the later stage of composting,the proportion of refractory lignin was higher,the utilization of organic matter was slow,and the activities of polyphenol oxidase and catalase were inhibited.The research results can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the composting process and improving the quality of composting.

关 键 词：农林废物 好氧堆肥 理化性质 有机质 酶活性 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]