长江上游典型丘陵山区坡耕地径流及氮磷碳流失特征  

Characteristics of runoff and nitrogen,phosphorus,and carbon loss in sloping cultivated lands in the typical hilly mountainous region of the Upper Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：王祥 陈炜 黄国鲜 童思陈[2] 徐向舟[4] 聂玉玺 宋永会[1] WANG Xiang;CHEN Wei;HUANG Guoxian;TONG Sichen;XU Xiangzhou;NIE Yuxi;SONG Yonghui(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;College of River and Ocean Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University;College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences;School of Hydraulic Engineering,Dalian University of Technology;North China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院 [2]重庆交通大学河海学院 [3]重庆文理学院化学与环境工程学院 [4]大连理工大学水利工程学院 [5]中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2024年第5期1589-1598,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201502);国家自然科学基金项目(52079130,U2240202);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202301354);重庆文理学院塔尖计划项目(P2021HH04);重庆市永川区自然科学基金项目(2022yc-jckx20013)。

摘　　要：持续的坡面降雨可能引发地表径流和壤中流的形成。其中,地表径流可通过溶蚀、侵蚀、运输等方式将大量富集在表土(通常为0~20 mm厚度)的养分从土壤中转移到受纳环境。降雨强度和坡度的变化可以影响坡面径流强度,从而改变径流中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)等养分浓度与通量过程。通过模拟降雨试验,设置3种典型降雨强度(40、60、90mm/h)和坡度(6°、12°、18°),探讨不同条件下丘陵山区紫色土坡面径流及坡面TN、TP、DOC流失特征。结果表明:1)产流临界坡度不是一个定值,降雨强度在60 mm/h及以下时,临界坡度介于6°~18°;降雨强度达到90 mm/h时,未出现明显的临界坡度。2)相同降雨强度下,径流中TN和DOC浓度与坡度呈正相关(18°>12°>6°);降雨强度为90 mm/h时,径流中TP浓度与坡度的关系为6°>12°>18°,其余降雨强度下,则为12°>18°>6°。除12°坡面外,DOC流失量随降雨强度增加呈上升趋势;TP最大流失量出现在90 mm/h降雨强度下的6°坡面,为0.91 mg/m^(2),表现为来源限制,其余坡度坡面的TP流失表现为携带限制。3)坡面产流量和产沙量主要受降雨强度的影响,产流量和降雨强度与径流中TP流失量和DOC流失量显著相关,坡度与碳、氮、磷流失量的相关性均不显著,径流中TN流失量与TP和DOC流失量显著相关。研究显示,高强度降雨和小坡度组合下,径流量、TP流失量、DOC流失量显著高于其余降雨强度和坡度的组合,而在高强度降雨和大坡度组合下,TN流失量达到峰值。因此,需要特别关注强降雨、小坡度下紫色土中TP、DOC流失及强降雨、大坡度下TN流失问题。Continuous rainfall on the slope may yield surface runoff and subsurface flow.Surface runoff can transfer a large amount of nutrients in the topsoil(usually 0-20 mm thick)from the soil to the receiving environment through dissolution,erosion,and transportation.The change of rainfall intensity and slope can affect the intensity of slope runoff,thus changing the concentration and flux process of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and other nutrients in runoff.A rainfall experiment considering three typical rainfall intensities(40,60,90 mm/h)and slopes(6°,12°,18°)was conducted,and the characteristics of runoff and the loss of TN,TP,and DOC on purple soil slopes in hilly areas under different conditions were explored.The results showed that:(1)The critical slope gradient for runoff was not a fixed value.When the rainfall intensity was 60 mm/h or less,the critical slope gradient ranged from 6°to 18°.However,no distinct critical slope was observed when the rainfall intensity reached 90 mm/h.(2)Under the same rainfall intensity,the concentration of TN and DOC in runoff was positively correlated with the slope gradient(18°>12°>6°).However,at a rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h,the relationship between TP concentration in runoff and slope was 6°>12°>18°,whereas under other rainfall intensities,it was 12°>18°>6°.With the exception of the 12°slope,the loss of DOC increased as rainfall intensity increased.The maximum loss of TP occurred on the slope of 6°under a rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h,reaching 0.91 mg/m^(2),belonging to the source limitation type.In contrast,TP losses on other slopes belonged to the transport limitation type.(3)The runoff and sediment yield on the slope were primarily influenced by rainfall intensity.Significant correlations existed between runoff and rainfall intensity,as well as between runoff and the losses of TP and DOC.The correlation between the slope gradient and the losses of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus was not significant.However,a significant

关 键 词：紫色土 降雨强度 坡度 模拟降雨 养分流失 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]