特殊环境下锂电池失效研究进展  

Progress in Failure Analysis of Lithium-based Batteries under Harsh Environmental Conditions

作　　者：石海鹏 刁凤新 袁浩 丁洋 王秀丰 周静[2] SHI Haipeng;DIAO Fengxin;YUAN Hao;DING Yang;WANG Xiufeng;ZHOU Jing(State Grid Inner Mongolia East Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Electric Power Science Research Institute,Hohhot 010000,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China)

机构地区：[1]国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院,呼和浩特010000 [2]东北电力大学化学工程学院,吉林132012

出　　处：《电源学报》2024年第5期286-293,共8页Journal of Power Supply

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51772049);国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司科技资助项目(526604210006)。

摘　　要：能源结构调整是我国21世纪能源发展的重要问题,其中发展可再生新能源是优化能源结构,减少环境污染的重要手段。当今,锂电池依然是实现可再生能源可逆存储的主要器件。锂电池的电化学性能常受不同温度、机械应力及湿度等外界特殊环境的影响,导致电池组件出现损坏、容量衰减或短路爆炸、热失控等问题。系统分析了特殊环境下锂电池的失效机理;归纳了改善锂电池特殊环境下电化学性能和安全性能的主要方法;总结了特殊环境下锂电池仍亟需研究解决的问题,为锂电池的失效机理研究、特殊环境锂电池的研发与应用提供思路。The adjustment of energy structure is an important issue for China’s energy development in the 21st century,in which the development of renewable new energy is an important means to optimize the energy structure and reduce environmental pollution.Nowadays,lithium-based batteries are still the main devices that can achieve reversible storage of renewable energy,whose electrochemical performance is often affected under harsh environmental conditions such as different temperatures,mechanical stress and humidity.As a result,problems including the damage of battery components,capacity fading,short-circuit explosion,and thermal runaway will occur.The failure mechanism of lithiumbased batteries under harsh environmental conditions is systematically analyzed.Then,the main methods for improving their electrochemical and safety performance are reviewed.Finally,the urgent problems to be solved are summarized.This paper provides ideas for the failure mechanism research on lithium-based batteries as well as the development and applications under harsh environmental conditions.

关 键 词：锂电池 温度 机械应力 湿度 失效机理 优化策略 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TM912