从“呈符、申符”再证小句焦点在述题  

Rheme and Dicent Sign:Revisiting the Clause Focus in Predication

作　　者：赵宏[1] 林松[1] ZHAO Hong;LIN Song

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学文学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期49-68,共20页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences

摘　　要：认知语言学认为,主语对应于主体、焦点,宾语对应于背景;功能主义语言学等认为焦点是新信息,在谓语。虽然认知语言学的焦点-背景说法有过一些论述,但仍未引起广泛重视,影响语言认知的研究。论文以皮尔斯的“呈符、申符”理论对此问题进行再探讨,认为焦点小于背景是铁律,无论如何转换,违背了这一客观规律都是不通的。“焦点”和语用紧密相关,从“焦点”本义看,在语用中一个小句内部只能有一个焦点。在语言认知上,必须由实体的物理空间概念发展到心理空间概念。结合以上理论,根据符号学的“呈符、申符”理论,证明了小句焦点在谓语,一个主项(主语)可有多个呈符(谓项),述题永远只能解释话题的部分内容,主项是呈符的背景。而把主项、主语看作焦点时,其背景在小句之外。Cognitive linguistics holds that subject is parallel to entity and focus while object background while functional linguistics thinks that focus is new information and appears in predicate.The focus-background argument of cognitive linguistics has not drawn extensive attention,hindering the cognitive linguistic research.This paper presents Charles Peirce′s"rheme-dicent sign"theory,revisits it,and agrees to the idea that focus is subordinate to background,which cannot be altered regardless of conversion."Focus"is closely linked to pragmatics,and there should be one focus only in a clause.Linguistic cognition must proceed from the physical space concept of entity to the concept of mental space.Based on the above theory and according to the"theme and dicent sign"theory of semiotics we proved that the clause focus exists in predicate,a main item(subject)can have multiple dicent signs(predicates),predication can only explain partial content of the topic,and the main item is the background of dicent sign.When the main item and subject are regarded as focus,the relevant background comes from outside the clause.

关 键 词：认知语言学 背景 焦点 呈符 申符 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]