禳灾·献祭--狐突信仰的历史嬗变与演剧习俗调查  

Exorcising Calamities and Offering Sacrifices-A Survey of the Historical Evolution and Dramatic Customs of the Hu Tu Belief

作　　者：刘霄 Liu Xiao

机构地区：[1]山西传媒学院,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《史志学刊》2024年第4期16-25,共10页Journal of History and Chorography

基　　金：2022年度山西省哲学社会科学规划课题“春秋战国典籍里晋文化的寻迹与遥望”研究成果,项目编号为:2022YJ145。

摘　　要：狐突是春秋时期的晋国大夫,在其短暂政治生涯中辅佐太子、御戎劝谏、教子不二等事迹成为不绝于史书的贤良典范。宋元以降,官方的封诰昭示与民众口耳传播又不断地神化、圣化着这位卿大夫的品行与职能,在民间狐突更是演化为司职雨雹、解民倒悬、禳灾除疫、品判公证、祈儿求女的全职功能型神祇。今以狐突信俗的主要流传区域为中心,综合史籍、方志、碑刻和实地考察资料,梳理其历史生成过程,并对各地民间祭祀、演剧酬神、风俗禁忌等作进一步解读,从地理环境、社会文化、民众心理等方面探析区域文化的历史变迁。Hu Tu was a senior official of the Jin state during the Spring and Autumn period.His brief political career,marked by his support for the crown prince,his advocacy in military affairs,his unwavering guidance to his children,and other virtuous deeds,has become a model of virtuous conduct chronicled in history books.Since the Song and Yuan dynasties,the official edict and the populace's oral transmission have continuously deified and sanctified the character and functions of this noble official,In folk culture,Hu Tu has evolved into a deity with a wide range of duties,including controlling hail and rain,relieving people's distress,warding off disasters and epidemics,acting as a fair judge,and fulflling wishes for children and descendants.Focusing on the main circulation areas of Hutu beliefs and customs,this paper synthesizes historical books,chronicles,inscriptions and field investigation materials,sorts out the historical generation process which further interprets the folk sacrifices,drama performances to reward the gods,customs and taboos in various places,and explores the historical changes of regional culture from the aspects of geographical environment,social culture,and people's psychology.

关 键 词：狐突 祭祀 习俗 禁忌 戏剧 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]