特朗普阵营瓦解“深层政府”计划探析  

An Analysis of Trump Camps Plan to Dismantle the American Deep State

作　　者：张昭曦 韩亚峰 ZHANG Zhaoxi;HAN Yafeng

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院美国研究所

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2024年第3期86-107,132,133,共24页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“美国政治生态变化和两党对华政策比较研究”(项目批准号:22AGJ011);2023年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“美国新一轮‘民主化’战略及中国的应对研究”(项目批准号:23CGJ035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“深层政府”是近年来美国保守派热衷讨论的政治术语,瓦解“深层政府”则是特朗普阵营优先推进的行动议程。特朗普及美国右翼势力敌视并谋求瓦解“深层政府”,皆因其认为美国联邦行政官僚并未秉持政治中立原则,而是代表自由派精英对民众实施压迫,无法有力维护美国国家利益,有违美国的建国初衷和宪法原则。特朗普阵营为瓦解“深层政府”确立了行动依据和支撑,将特定联邦部门锚定为重点打击目标,并筹组能够替代“深层政府”的可靠人员队伍。该计划若付诸实施,将会对美国内政外交带来显著冲击。虽然其做了充分的准备,但特朗普阵营推动瓦解“深层政府”依然面临法律争议、政治阻击以及保守派的内部争论。特朗普阵营瓦解“深层政府”的计划集中反映了美国保守派势力挑战自由主义国内秩序、同自由派争夺国家主导权的长期诉求,美国政治和社会的极化撕裂亦将因此持续。While the term“Deep State”has become a popular political concept among American conservatives in recent years,dismantling the Deep State has become a priority political agenda for the Trump camp.The hostility against the Deep State and the efforts to dismantle it by Trump and Americas rightwing forces stem from the belief that the federal bureaucracy fails to stay politically neutral but chooses to side with liberal elites to oppress the American people,therefore undermining U.S.national interests and betraying the countrys founding principles and constitutional values.To dismantle the Deep State,the Trump camp has laid out a framework and rationale for its plan,targeting specific federal departments and agencies and seeking to recruit and train reliable personnel to replace the members of the Deep State.The Trump camps plan to dismantle the Deep State,if implemented,would have a significant impact on both U.S.domestic and foreign affairs.Despite comprehensive preparations,the Trump camps efforts to dismantle the Deep State are constrained by legal challenges,political resistance,and internal disputes within the conservatives.The Trump camps plan to dismantle the Deep State reflects the broader long-term goals of U.S.conservative forces to challenge the liberal order at home and wrest control of national leadership from the liberals.As a result,the political polarization and social fragmentation in the U.S.will likely persist.

关 键 词：美国政治 特朗普阵营 “深层政府” 共和党 右翼民粹主义 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]