《西域闻见录》民族志书写特征论析  

An Ethnographic Textual Analysis of Xiyu Wenjian Lu

作　　者：沈雪晨 阿比古丽·尼亚孜 Shen Xuechen;Abiguli Niyazi(School of History,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350,China;Institute of Ethnic Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100732,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350 [2]中国社会科学院民族文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第3期122-128,142,共8页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代民族志文献整理与研究”(12&ZD136);国家“十四五”规划重大工程《(新编)中国通史》纂修工程中国民族史卷、国家社科基金一般项目“喀什老城传统建筑文化的保护调查研究”(23BMZ030);南开大学人文社会科学基本科研业务费专项“民族志文献与民族史研究”(320-63232133)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《西域闻见录》是记载清中前期的西域史地、民族风俗的重要私修著作,本文综合运用历史学、人类学研究方法,从民族志文本分析的视角考察了《西域闻见录》的写作意图、行文逻辑与编纂体例,探讨其在民族志视域下的书写特征。作者七十一在“自序”中完整表达了自己基于亲历见闻、为弥补相关典籍记载缺失、提供超越前人的西域地理风俗记载之主旨,刻画出“在彼处”之人的形象,建立叙述权威;该书行文、内容与逻辑协调形成了一套真确、融贯的西域知识表述,其内容详瞻、笔触细腻,在确保叙述客观性的同时,拓展了作者观点的表达空间;该书体例颇得乾嘉时期纪传体志书精要,兼采历时性与共时性记述之所长,统合“时间”与“空间”要素,成功描绘出动态变迁中的西域文化整体面貌。上述三方面书写特征使该书得以容纳清朝统一西域之初当地多民族文化的丰富内涵,在复杂而多元的语言符号世界里自有其强盛之生命力,促进了各民族文化的交往交流交融。Research and discussions on Xiyu Wenjian Lu(Record of Things Seen and Heard in the Western Regions)-a private work containing historical and geographical insights into the Qing dynasty's western regions-have proliferated extensively over an extended period.However,scholarly attention has been less focused on its textual value.What factors contributed to the widespread dissemination,replication,and subsequent popularity of this text,to the extent that it became a“secret treasure hidden in a pillow”of the Qing officials who were going to the Western Regions?This paper uses both historical and anthropological research methods to reassess the textual features of Xiyu Wenjian Lu as an ethnography.Through this analytical lens,it aims to explain the writing purpose of the author Qi-Shi-Yi,as well as the compositional logic and organizational framework used in its compilation.Research found that the author Qi-Shi-Yi was acutely aware of the prevailing trend of his times:Scholar-officials generally yearned for knowledge of the western regions but lacked pertinent literary sources following the Qing Dynasty's unification of the Western Regions.In the book's preface,author Qi-Shi-Yi said he aimed at enriching the understanding of the Qing's western regions among scholar-officials based on his solid field investigations,thereby supplementing the lack of details found in earlier Chinese historical records pertaining to this peripheral region.In addition,he successfully shaped a vivid portrayal of“Being There”just like a modern anthropologist,and the subsequent process of dissemination and replication of his work played a pivotal role in cementing the authority of his narrative.From then on the structural coherence and thematic consistency evident in the composition of this book facilitated a comprehensive and consonant description of the western regions through a structure of the chapters closely integrated with the author's route,affording readers a panoramic view of the landscapes and peoples encountered along the w

关 键 词：《西域闻见录》 清代西域 民族志文本分析 解释人类学 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]