现代汉语职业称谓词同义现象研究——兼谈《现代汉语词典》中同义职业称谓词的收录与释义  

Research on Synonyms of Modern Chinese Occupational Appellation Words——Also on the Collection and Interpretation of Such Words in Xiandai Hanyu Cidian(《现代汉语词典》)

作　　者：韩若琳 Han Ruolin(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第7期66-74,共9页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：职业称谓词是从职业身份角度称人的词语,绝大多数与社会中的职业一一对应,但也存在少量同义现象。同义职业称谓词主要产生于造词层面,由于职业的相关语义角色较多、汉语同义词素较多而形成。在语义角色丰富程度、词义专一度等语言因素与社会规范政策的影响下,同义职业称谓词呈现出使用频率差异较大的现象,以及词义、语境发生分化的情况。在历版《现代汉语词典》中,新词的收录、主副条目的更替、释义的调整,都体现出辞书编纂对于同义职业称谓词的时代性变化和词汇系统性的把握。与此同时,同义职业称谓词在辞书收词及释义方面仍需要随着时代的发展而进一步完善。Occupational appellation words are the words that refer to people from the perspective of occupational identity,most of which have one—to—one correspondence with occupations,but there are also a few synonymous words.Synonymous occupational appellation words are mainly formed on the phase of word creation,for the reason that occupations have many semantic roles and there are many synonymous morphemes in Chinese.Under the influence of linguistic factors such as the richness of semantic roles,specificity of meaning,together with social norms and policies,synonymous occupational appellation words have different frequency or a differentiation of meaning and context.In each edition of Xiandai Hanyu Cidian(《现代汉语词典》),the collection of new words,the alternation of main and secondary items,and the adjustment of interpretations all reflect the grasp of the dictionary in the aspect of temporal changes of synonymous occupational appellation words and lexical systematicity.Meanwhile,with the development of the Times,it is necessary for synonymous occupational appellation words to be further improved in terms of lexicon collection and interpretation.

关 键 词：职业称谓词 同义词 词义分化 辞书释义 《现代汉语词典》 

分 类 号：H313[语言文字—英语]