对“水利测雨雷达”的新质生产力研究  

Study of new quality productive forces of“rainfall measuring radar”

作　　者：钱峰[1] 王琳[1] 赵占锋 张麓瑀 戚友存 Qian Feng;Wang Lin;Zhao Zhanfeng;Zhang Luyu;Qi Youcun

机构地区：[1]水利部信息中心,北京100053 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第18期1-7,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害防控与公共安全”重点专项“山洪灾害信号早期识别与准确预警技术装备”项目(2022YFC3002900)。

摘　　要：高精准降雨监测预报对于支撑水旱灾害防御等水利业务预报、预警、预演、预案“四预”工作至关重要。水利测雨雷达系统主要观测近地面2 km高度范围内大气中的液态水,能够实现无缝隙、精细化监测并生成高精度实况定量降雨产品,具有较为精准的外推1~3 h降雨临近预报能力,是水利新质生产力的典型代表。系统梳理了我国降雨监测发展历程,包括无器具测量、雨量器萌芽、标准化人工雨量器、自动记录式雨量器和现代自动测雨五个阶段。在此基础上,从雨量站业务应用、天气雷达业务应用、气象卫星业务应用角度,分析当前“四预”业务中降雨监测现状与问题,进而梳理了水利测雨雷达发展进程并分析其技术优势,包括:能够实时生成超精细化的网格降雨实况数据,能够实现精细化网格化降雨预报,以及系统运行稳定高效。结合水利测雨雷达在河北省大清河流域以及湖南省捞刀河、浏阳河流域的良好应用成效,指出其作为水利新质生产力在赋能“四预”方面具有应用前景。High precision rainfall monitoring and forecasting plays a supporting role for flood and drought disaster reduction by forecasting,early warning,rehearsal,and contingency plan.Rainfall radar systems mainly observe liquid water in the atmosphere within a height range of 2 km near the ground.It can achieve seamless and refined monitoring and generate high-precision,real-time and quantitative rainfall products.It has a relatively accurate ability to extrapolate rainfall forecasts for 1~3 hours and can be used as a typical model of new quality productive forces.The development process of rainfall monitoring in China has been systematically reviewed,including five stages of instrument free measurement,budding rain gauges,standardized artificial rain gauges,automatic recording rain gauges,and modern automatic rainfall measurement.According to the above,current status and issues with rainfall monitoring are analyzed.Based on review of development process of rainfall monitoring radar,its technical advantages are analyzed.The system can run stably and efficiently,to generate ultra fine grid rainfall real-time data in real time and achieve fine grid rainfall forecasting.Since the rain monitoring radar adopted in the Daqing River basin in Hebei Province and the Laodao River and Liuyang River basins in Hunan Province achieved good results,it shall be used as a new quality productive forces to empower the ability of forecast,early warning,rehearsal and contingency plan.

关 键 词：降雨监测 装备发展 新质生产力 水利测雨雷达 “四预” 

分 类 号：TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程] P41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]