保障水与粮食安全的国际农业用水管理先进技术与经验  

Management of agricultural water use to safeguard water and food security:International advanced technologies and experiences

作　　者：高占义[1] 胡亚琼[1] Gao Zhanyi;Hu Yaqiong

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第18期38-43,共6页China Water Resources

摘　　要：水与粮食安全是世界各国和相关国际组织持续关注的议题。受人口增长、耕地条件、水资源约束及气候变化影响,粮食安全问题需要通过持续改善提升现有灌排工程设施,发展新的灌排工程设施,应用先进管理技术和措施,以及改革管理体制机制等综合措施来解决。灌排系统是一个包含农业生产、生态及水资源循环过程的大系统工程,其中灌溉和排水对生态环境影响日益受到关注。在开展农业节水的同时要关注节水的尺度效应,在提高灌区灌溉水利用率的同时,需综合考虑灌排系统的水循环过程和水资源整体利用效率、效益及对生态环境的影响。研究总结了国际上保障水与粮食安全的农业用水管理先进技术与经验,包括世界灌排发展现状与趋势、挑战、对策和创新,以及基于蒸散发管理的节水概念、技术和措施等内容。Water and food security have drawn long-lasting attention from countries around the world and relevant international organizations.Due to population growth,limitations in cultivated land conditions,constraints on water resources,and the impact of climate change,food security issues need to be addressed through comprehensive measures.These include the continuous improvement and upgrading of existing irrigation and drainage systems,the development of new irrigation and drainage projects,the application of advanced management technologies and tools,and the reform of management systems and mechanisms.Irrigation and drainage systems are large-scale engineering projects that involve agricultural production,ecological processes,and water resource cycling,with increasing attention being paid to their impact on the ecological environment.When emphasizing agricultural water conservation,attention should be given to the scale effectiveness of water-saving practices.While improving the utilization rate of irrigation water,overall consideration should be given to the water cycling process within the irrigation and drainage system,overall water use efficiency and benefits,and the impact on the ecological environment.This study summarizes international advanced technologies and experiences in managing agricultural water use to safeguard water and food security,including the current status and trends of irrigation and drainage development,challenges,strategies,innovations,as well as water-saving concepts,technologies,and measures based on evapotranspiration management.

关 键 词：粮食安全 灌排系统 节水灌溉 环境影响 

分 类 号：F313[经济管理—产业经济]