新兴分子检测技术在沙门菌检验中的应用与思考  

The application and reflection of emerging molecular detection technologies in Salmonella detection

作　　者：肖林林 龙雨霖[2] 秦晓杰 王翔 董庆利[1] Xiao Linlin;Long Yulin;Qin Xiaojie;Wang Xiang;Dong Qingli(School of Health Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus Laboratory,Shanghai 201499,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院,上海200093 [2]上海交通大学附属第六人民医院南院检验科,上海201499

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2024年第9期1450-1457,共8页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32102111、82202589);上海市奉贤区科学技术委员会项目(奉科20221101、奉科20201410)。

摘　　要：沙门菌是重要的食源性致病菌,是引起腹泻的主要原因之一,每年有约5.5亿人因感染沙门菌导致腹泻,其中约23万人死亡,其已成为全球重大公共安全问题。沙门菌的检测应用领域涉及食品安全、水质监测、畜牧养殖业、公共卫生监测和医学诊断等,其检测需求主要来源于病原菌的识别、血清型的鉴定、耐药性及毒力的鉴定3个方面。近年来,针对于沙门菌的检测技术发展突飞猛进,尤其是新兴分子检测技术的出现和发展,为不同场景沙门菌检测提供了新的视野。但由于沙门菌自身血清型的多样性和检测场景的复杂性,目前已有的检测技术还存在一些痛点(如检测时间久、操作步骤繁琐、场景适应度低等),本文将对CRISPR-Cas技术、数字PCR技术、测序技术及微流控技术等具有鲜明特点的新兴分子检测技术在沙门菌检测中的应用情况进行综述,旨在为沙门菌检测技术的研发改进及感染预警防控体系的建立提供借鉴。Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen and one of the main causes of diarrhea.Every year,about 550 million people suffer from diarrhea due to Salmonella infection,of which about 230000 die.It has become a major global public safety issue.The application fields of Salmonella detection involve food safety,water quality monitoring,animal husbandry,public health monitoring,and medical diagnosis.The detection requirements mainly come from three aspects:pathogen identification,serotype identification,drug resistance and virulence identification.In recent years,the detection technology for Salmonella has made rapid progress,especially the emergence and development of emerging molecular detection technologies,providing new perspectives for Salmonella detection in different scenarios.However,due to the diversity of Salmonella serotypes and the complexity of detection scenarios,existing detection technologies still have some pain points(such as long detection time,cumbersome operation steps,low scene adaptability,etc.).This article will elaborate on the application of several emerging molecular detection technologies with distinct characteristics,such as CRISPR Cas technology,digital PCR technology,sequencing technology,and microfluidic technology,in Salmonella detection.It aims to provide a reference for the development and improvement of Salmonella detection technology and the establishment of infection warning and control systems.

关 键 词：沙门菌 分子检测技术 聚合酶链式反应 耐药性 血清型 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学] R516.3[医药卫生—临床医学]