美国重构关键矿产供应链与“一带一路”关键矿产合作高质量发展  被引量:1

Adjustments in US Critical Minerals Strategy and High-quality Development in the Belt and Road Initiative’s Critical Minerals Cooperation

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作  者:孙海泳[1] Sun Haiyong

机构地区:[1]上海国际问题研究院公共政策与创新研究所,上海200233

出  处:《国际论坛》2024年第5期42-58,156,157,共19页International Forum

基  金:国家社会科学基金2023年年度项目“美国关键矿产供应链重塑战略与我国应对研究”(项目批准号:23BGJ046)的阶段性成果。

摘  要:拜登政府试图利用发展中国家的关键矿产资源支持其国内战略性产业发展,降低中国在全球关键矿产供应链中的影响力,削弱中国的工业能力。在针对发展中矿产国重构关键矿产供应链的过程中,美国主要依托三种合作模式:一是通过双边渠道与发展中矿产国直接合作;二是利用盟伴支持其重构发展中矿产国的关键矿产开发格局与矿产流向;三是通过其主导的多边机制影响发展中矿产国的关键矿产政策与项目发展。这会增加中国与“一带一路”共建国家的合作成本,对中国的供应链地位造成冲击。与此同时,由于美国对地区矿产国所描绘、承诺的愿景往往缺乏支持能力,将更加凸显“一带一路”倡议的积极意义。针对美国的布局,中国在深化“一带一路”关键矿产合作高质量发展的过程中,须以技术创新与产业升级以及增加矿产储备的方式,提升中国对全球关键矿产开发与交易市场的影响力;拓展与共建国家的关键矿产园区建设,深化关键矿产合作;以数字与绿色技术赋能共建“一带一路”关键矿产合作高质量发展,不断完善“一带一路”关键矿产产业的开放合作格局。The Biden administration has tried to weaken China’s industrial capacity by leveraging critical mineral supplies in developing countries to reduce China’s influence in critical mineral supply chains.In its attempt to reshape relations with mineral suppliers in the developing world,the US has used three modes of cooperation:first,direct cooperation through bilateral channels;second,leveraging allies and partners to reshape the critical minerals landscape and the end users of these critical minerals;third,using US-dominated multilateral mechanisms to influence policies and projects on critical minerals in developing countries.This negatively impacts China’s position in the supply chains because it imposes more transaction costs on China when it seeks to cooperate with BRI-participating countries.On the positive side,though,this will help to highlight the significance of the BRI because it is difficult for the US to fulfill its commitments to the developing countries.In view of these US attempts,China needs to improve and enhance its opening-up for cooperation strategy for the BRI cooperation in critical minerals.It needs to enhance its influence in the exploration and trade in critical minerals through technological innovation and uncovering more mineral reserves,expand the mineral parks in BRI-participating countries to strengthen cooperation in critical minerals,and boost high-quality cooperation through digital and green technologies.

关 键 词:美国对外政策 关键矿产 供应链 “一带一路”高质量发展 

分 类 号:D51[政治法律—政治学]

 

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