解构的行动属性和行动效应——以英语世界鲁迅批评为中心  

The Action Attribute and Action Effect of Deconstruction:Focusing on Lu Xun Criticism in the English World

作　　者：李石 LI Shi(Institute of Aesthetics and Literary Criticism,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学美学与文艺批评研究院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《广州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期75-86,共12页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CZW002)。

摘　　要：解构作为“行动”,本质上是一种有力的阅读书写行为,同时表现出对文本阐释的绝对自由的追求以及对作者意图的反叛冲动。解构的行动效应,在20世纪80、90年代英语世界鲁迅批评的“解构范式”中得到充分体现:其一,在理论立场上,通过质疑鲁迅的写作意图以挑战或消解文学的革命与启蒙意义;其二,在文本阐释上,对“鲁迅/叙述者”的阶级位置进行严厉的审视,甚至有意“制造”鲁迅与民众之间的阶级距离,从而揭示鲁迅笔下启蒙者的自我怀疑、否定以及行动上的“无能”。我们需要反思英语世界鲁迅批评的伦理失范问题,避免一种预设的、二元对立的批评立场,而应以切合中国语境的、对话的、整体性的立场重审鲁迅的写作,在肯定启蒙价值的基础上为鲁迅阐释重新安置一个稳定可靠的批评视角。Deconstruction as an"action",is essentially a powerful act of reading and writing,while pursuing absolute freedom in text interpretation and impulsive rebellion against the author's intentions.The action effect of deconstruction was fully reflected in the"deconstruction paradigm"of Lu Xun criticism in the English world from the 1980s to the 1990s.Firstly,in terms of theoretical stance,it challenged or dispelled the revolutionary and enlightening significance of literature by questioning Lu Xun's writing intentions.Secondly,at the level of textual interpretation,it rigorously scrutinized the class position of"LuXun/Narrator",and even intentionally"creates"a class distance between Lu Xun and the people,and revealed the self-doubt,negation,and"incompetence"in action of the enlighteners in Lu Xun's works.Last but not least,we need to reflect on the ethical misconduct of Lu Xun's criticism in the English world.We need to avoid the preconceived and binary oppositional critical stance,and instead,start from the Chinese context,and a dialogic and holistic standpoint to re-examine Lu Xun's writing.What we need to consider is how to reestablish a stable and reliable critical perspective for Lu Xun's works on the basis of affirming the value of enlightenment.

关 键 词：解构主义 英语世界鲁迅批评 行动诗学 国民性批判 

分 类 号：G04[文化科学] I206.6[文学—中国文学]