燃料电池汽车氢系统泄放安全研究  

Research on release safety of on-board hydrogen system in fuel cell vehicle

作　　者：李力军 王昕雨 唐小龙 申思佳 傅林 燕泽英 郝佳 赵强 LI Lijun;WANG Xinyu;TANG Xiaolong;SHEN Sijia;FU Lin;YAN Zeying;HAO Jia;ZHAO Qiang(Weichai Power Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261061,China)

机构地区：[1]潍柴动力股份有限公司,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《压力容器》2024年第7期1-5,55,共6页Pressure Vessel Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“车载复合材料储氢气瓶服役检测监测与诊断评估技术”(2021YFB4000800)。

摘　　要：针对燃料电池汽车车载氢系统冬季出现温度驱动安全泄压装置(TPRD)异常损坏,影响泄放系统的密封和强度,严重危及氢气的泄放安全等问题,通过设计TPRD抗冻胀试验,系统分析车载氢系统泄放管路进水结冰冻胀后对其泄放安全的影响。试验结果显示,车载氢系统泄放管路进水后,在反复“结冰-消融”这一循环过程中,产生的冻胀应力造成试验用两组瓶口组合阀的TPRD发生意外激活,均未通过抗冻胀试验,其中,玻璃泡形式TPRD按照预设通道进行泄放,易熔合金形式TPRD未按照预设通道泄放,严重影响氢气泄放安全。未来应重点关注泄放管路的防水与排水设计,避免因进水造成涉氢安全事故。In view of the abnormal damage of TPRD in hydrogen system of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in winter,which affects the sealing and strength of the release system,and seriously endangers release safety of hydrogen,the effects of ice swelling of entering water of the on-board hydrogen system release pipeline were analyzed systematically by designing frozen heave resistance test for TPRD.The test results show that after water enters the discharge pipeline of the on-board hydrogen system,the frost heave stress generated during the repeated“freezing-thawing”cycle causes the TPRD of the two sets of bottle mouth combination valves used in the test to be accidentally activated,and both failed the anti-frost heave test.Among them,the glass bubble TPRD was discharged according to the preset channel,and the fusible alloy TPRD was not discharged according to the preset channel,which seriously affected the safety of hydrogen discharge.Therefore,in the future,more attention should be paid to the waterproof and drainage design of the release pipeline to avoid hydrogen-related safety accidents due to water injection.

关 键 词：车载氢系统 泄放安全 安全泄压装置 冻胀应力 氢燃料电池汽车 

分 类 号：TH134[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U469.7[机械工程—车辆工程] TK91[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]