地熊蜂和意大利蜜蜂对甘草的访花行为及授粉效果评价  

Evaluation of Visiting Behavior and Pollination Effect of Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera ligustica on Licorice

作　　者：苏佳 包芳 王桂萍 宋忠兴[4] 唐志书[4,5] 魏玉杰 宋莹莹 杨佳乐 臧广鹏 谭瑶 于毅 SU Jia;BAO Fang;WANG Guiping;SONG Zhongxing;TANG Zhishu;WEI Yujie;SONG Yingying;YANG Jiale;ZANG Guangpeng;TAN Yao;YU Yi(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010;Institute of Plant Protection,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;China Traditional Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100195;Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712083;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering Technology,Wuwei,Gansu 733006)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原昆虫研究中心,呼和浩特010010 [2]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,济南250100 [3]中国中药有限公司,北京100195 [4]陕西中医药大学,陕西咸阳712083 [5]中国中医科学院,北京100700 [6]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第25期118-126,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家中药材产业技术体系建设专项基金项目“中药材生态种植及品质提升关键技术研究与示范”(CARS-21);内蒙古自治区重大科技专项“高品质蒙药材中药材规模化种植技术体系研究与示范”(2019ZD005)。

摘　　要：为筛选适合甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)授粉的传粉昆虫,提高甘草种子产量,对地熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)、意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)的访花行为和授粉效果进行比较。在甘草田内,于甘草开花期,挂牌标记即将开花的花序,进而采收不同授粉处理的成熟种子,通过常规考种,统计授粉后每个成熟花序豆荚数、每荚种子数及千粒重等甘草产量相关性状。结果表明,意大利蜜蜂和地熊蜂对甘草的访花行为差异显著,地熊蜂更容易打开龙骨瓣,其单花访问时间[(2.95±0.05)s]显著短于意大利蜜蜂[(8.19±0.21)s],其访花频率[(12.98±0.29)朵/min]显著高于意大利蜜蜂[(9.21±0.15)朵/min],其出巢高峰期(10:00)和回巢高峰期(14:00)与意大利蜜蜂相同;虽然意大利蜜蜂蜂群数量明显高于地熊蜂,但地熊蜂授粉的甘草结实率(52.92%)却高于意大利蜜蜂(43.33%),二者极显著高于甘草的自花授粉结实率(13.75%)和风传授粉结实率(22.19%);地熊蜂、意大利蜜蜂授粉单花序结荚数分别为20.67、19.41荚/花序,分别比自花授粉提高了34.6、32.5倍,分别比风传授粉提高了25.2、22.6倍。地熊蜂和意大利蜜蜂授粉的单花序结籽粒数分别为91.46、74.75粒/花序,比自花授粉提高了33.0、26.8倍,比风传授粉提高了28.5、23.1倍。地熊蜂的有效放蜂距离210 m,显著大于意大利蜜蜂的有效放蜂距离90 m。总之,地熊蜂和意大利蜜蜂为甘草授粉的优良蜂种,其中地熊蜂对甘草授粉效果更优,可有效解决甘草大面积制种中媒介昆虫不足的难题。In order to screen suitable pollinators for Glycyrrhiza uralensis and improve the seed yield of G.uralensis,the flower-visiting behavior and pollination effects of Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera ligustica were compared.In the licorice field,during the flowering period of licorice,the inflorescences that were about to bloom under different pollination treatments were tagged and then the mature seeds of different treatments were harvested,and the number of pods per mature inflorescence,the number of seeds per pod,and the weight of 1000 grains,and other licorice yield-related traits were counted by conventional seed examination after pollination.The results showed that there were significant differences between A.mellifera ligustica and B.terrestris in flower visits to licorice.B.terrestris opened the keel flap more easily,and the single visit time[(2.98±0.05)s]was faster than that of A.mellifera ligustica[(8.19±0.21)s],and the frequency of visits to flowers[(12.98±0.29)flowers/min]was significantly higher than that of A.mellifera ligustica[(9.21±0.15)flowers/min].Its peak emerging period(10:00)and peak homing period(14:00)were the same as those of A.mellifera ligustica.The number of colonies of A.mellifera ligustica was significantly higher than that of B.terrestris,but the seed setting rate of B.terrestris(52.92%)was higher than that of A.mellifera ligustica(43.33%),both of which were significantly higher than that of self-pollination(13.75%)and wind-borne pollination(22.19%).The pod numbers of single inflorescence pollinated by B.terrestris and A.mellifera ligustica were 20.67 and 19.41,respectively,which were 34.6 and 32.5 times higher than self-pollination,and 25.2 and 22.6 times higher than wind-borne pollination,respectively.The seed number of single inflorescence pollinated by B.terrestris and A.mellifera ligustica were 91.46 and 74.75,respectively,which were 33.0 times and 26.8 times higher than self-pollination,28.5 times and 23.1 times higher than wind-borne pollination.The effective release dis

关 键 词：甘草 地熊蜂 意大利蜜蜂 访花行为 授粉效果 

分 类 号：S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]