甜菜糖厂滤泥与生物炭配施对东北黑土农田土壤性质和有机碳组分影响的研究  

Effects of Combined Application of Sugar Mill Sludge and Biochar on Basic Properties and Organic Carbon Components of Black Soil in Northeast China

作　　者：赵佳[1] 胡晓航[1,2] 李彦丽 ZHAO Jia;HU Xiaohang;LI Yanli(College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150008;National Sugar Improvement Center,Harbin 150008)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150008 [2]国家糖料改良中心,哈尔滨150008

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第26期38-45,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家糖料产业技术体系分解项目“基于无人机遥感技术的糖用甜菜施肥决策模型研究”(CARS-170202);黑龙江省生态环境厅项目“农业废弃物糖厂滤泥还田在黑土区土壤改良及碳排放研究”(HST2022TR003)。

摘　　要：本研究以东北地区黑土为研究对象,探讨了甜菜糖厂废弃物滤泥与生物炭配施还田对农田土壤基本性质和有机碳组分的影响。实验共设置了8个处理组,包括无物料还田(CK1)、不施加滤泥施加20000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭(CK2)、施加16.67 kg/hm^(2)滤泥不施加生物炭(T_(1))、施加16.67 kg/hm^(2)滤泥施加20000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭(T_(2))、施加33.33 kg/hm^(2)滤泥不施加生物炭(T_(3))、施加33.33 kg/hm^(2)滤泥施加20000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭(T_(4))、施加50 kg/hm^(2)滤泥不施加生物炭(T_(5))、施加50 kg/hm^(2)滤泥施加20000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭(T_(6))。测定土壤总碳(TC)、总有机碳(TOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC),探讨各处理对有机碳组分和碳库管理指数的影响,同时探讨环境因素(碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾)和土壤生物活性(脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶)对碳固定的影响。结果表明:滤泥生物炭配施还田能够显著提高土壤总有机碳、易氧化有机碳含量和碳库管理指数。滤泥生物炭的施用可以通过增加速效养分和酶活性影响活性碳组分,进而增加土壤碳库管理指数。综上所述,T_(4)处理,即33.33 kg/hm^(2)滤泥和20000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭配施还田效果最好,能实现土壤固碳,CPMI含量增加,提高了土壤有机碳的稳定性。The study investigated the effects of combined application of beet and sugar plant waste sludge and biochar on the fundamental properties and organic carbon components of farmland soil in Northeast China black soil region.Eight treatments were set up for comparison:no material returned to the field(CK1),20000 kg/hm^(2)biochar without filter mud(CK2),16.67 kg/hm^(2)filter mud without biochar(T_(1)),16.67 kg/hm^(2)filter mud with 20000 kg/hm^(2)biochar(T_(2)),33.33 kg/hm^(2)filter mud without biochar(T_(3)),33.33 kg/hm^(2)filter mud with 20000 kg/hm^(2)biochar(T_(4)),50 kg/hm^(2)filter mud without biochar(T_(5)),and 50 kg/hm^(2)filter mud with 20000 kg/hm^(2)biochar(T_(6)).Soil total carbon,total organic carbon,easily oxidized organic carbon,water-soluble organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,environmental factors such as alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,as well as soil biological activities including urease,phosphatase and sucrase were analyzed to discuss the effects of each treatment on organic carbon components and carbon pool management index.The results indicated that the combined application of filter sludge and biochar significantly increased soil total organic carbon content,easily oxidized organic carbon content and carbon pool management index.The application also affected active carbon components by enhancing available nutrients and enzyme activities which led to an increase in the soil's overall stability.In conclusion,it was found that T_(4)treatment,a combination of 33.33 kg/hm^(2)filter sludge with 20000 kg/hm^(2)biochar,yielded the most favorable results in terms of achieving soil carbon sequestration,increasing CPMI content,and improving the stability of soil organic carbons.

关 键 词：农业废弃物 甜菜糖厂废弃物 滤泥 生物炭 土壤有机碳 碳库管理指数 土壤生物活性 碳固定 有机碳组分 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学] S-3