蚯蚓堆肥特征及其在农业中的应用研究进展  

Characteristics of Vermicomposting and Research Progress of Its Application in Agriculture

作　　者：常长越 贾俊超 李朝栋 CHANG Zhangyue;JIA Junchao;LI Chaodong(Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Xi’an 710043;Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi,Lintong,Shaanxi 710699)

机构地区：[1]陕西省生物农业研究所,西安710043 [2]陕西省酶工程技术研究中心,陕西临潼710699

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第26期58-65,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目“凹凸棒和风化煤提高牛粪蚯蚓堆肥品质研究及应用示范”(2023-YBNY-252)。

摘　　要：蚯蚓堆肥是一种简单可行、低成本且环保的生物-微生物耦合有机废弃物资源化处理技术。通过开展综述,概述了蚯蚓堆肥处理有机废弃物时的土壤结构,pH、CEC和EC值,氮、磷和钾,微量营养素,碳动态和微生物等方面的特征,介绍了蚯蚓堆肥在农业生产中的应用研究进展,蚯蚓粪可促进作物生长、增加产量,增强作物抗逆性,有效减少病原体、重金属污染和病虫害的发生,降低土壤中部分污染物质的生物有效性。研究发现蚯蚓堆肥在实际应用中存在的问题,针对中国蚯蚓堆肥“种养一体化”生态链现状提出3点发展建议:(1)为开发生产高质量商品化蚯蚓粪肥,建议利用蚯蚓堆肥产品质量相关影响因素进行蚯蚓堆肥数学建模,以高效优化蚯蚓堆肥参数,为规模化生产蚯蚓粪肥降低研发成本、提高生产效率;(2)为确保高质量蚯蚓粪肥的稳定产出,可研究开发带有智能化控制pH、碳氮比、温湿度和光照等蚯蚓养殖重要条件的设备,形成蚯蚓自动化、规模化养殖;(3)为促进“种养一体化”循环经济的发展,回收养殖蚯蚓过程中含有腐殖酸等可二次利用的有效部分,加强其在农业种植和土壤修复中的使用效率。蚯蚓堆肥是实现农业和环境可持续发展的有效途径,本文旨在为今后蚯蚓堆肥相关研究提供参考。Vermicomposting is a simple,feasible,low-cost and environmentally friendly bio-microbial coupled organic waste recycling technology.The physicochemical and microbial characteristics of vermicomposting in the treatment of organic waste were summarized.The application research progress of vermicomposting in agricultural production was introduced,and the following suggestions were proposed in view of the problems existing in the practical application of vermicomposting.(1)In order to develop and produce high quality commercial earthworm manure,it is suggested to use the relevant factors affecting the quality of earthworm compost products to carry out mathematical modeling of vermicomposting,so as to efficiently optimize the parameters of vermicomposting,reduce research and development costs and improve production efficiency for large-scale production of earthworm manure;(2)in order to ensure the stable output of high quality earthworm manure,equipment with intelligent control of pH,carbon to nitrogen ratio,temperature and humidity and light should be developed to form automatic and large-scale vermiculture;(3)in order to promote the development of the circular economy of"planting and breeding integration",the effective parts containing humic acid in the process of culturing earthworms can be reused,and the efficiency of vermicompost utilization in agricultural planting and soil remediation should be strengthened.

关 键 词：蚯蚓堆肥 有机废弃物 理化性质 微生物 研究进展 

分 类 号：S-1[农业科学]