抗生素替代物在畜禽生产中的应用及其作用机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Application and Mechanism of Antibiotic Substitutes in Livestock and Poultry Production

作　　者：刘宇 王重庆 梁静泊 潘兴亮 刘钧 LIU Yu;WANG Chongqing;LIANG Jingbo;PAN Xingliang;LIU Jun(Beijing Animal Husbandry Station,Beijing 100020)

机构地区：[1]北京市畜牧总站,北京100020

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第26期126-132,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市家禽创新团队“家禽健康养殖岗”(BAIC062024)。

摘　　要：随着抗生素在饲料中长期添加带来的诸多问题,出现如药物残留、细菌耐药性等问题,对畜禽产品质量和人类健康造成严重威胁,同时也破坏了生态环境。2020年农业农村部194号公告正式实施,饲用促生长抗生素添加剂被全面禁止,标志着畜禽行业“禁抗”时代的到来,无抗养殖成为畜禽养殖业发展的大趋势。抗生素替代物能够提高动物的生长性能,改善动物肠道健康及调节宿主免疫系统,并具有安全、高效、低残留、低污染的优势,在饲料添加应用上具有很大前景。因此,文章就抗生素替代物微生态制剂(益生菌、益生元、合生元)、植物提取物、中草药、有机酸、抗菌肽等较为广泛的绿色添加剂的应用及其作用机制研究进展进行综述,以期为畜禽健康养殖提供参考,推动中国畜禽养殖业绿色健康发展。Long-term addition of antibiotics in feed can cause the problems such as drug residues and bacterial resistance,leading to a decline in the quality of livestock and poultry products,threats to human health,and damage to the ecological environment.In 2020,Announcement No.194 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs officially implemented,and the use of growth promoting antibiotic additives in feed was completely prohibited,marking the arrival of the era of"anti antibiotic"in the livestock and poultry industry.Non antibiotic breeding has become a major trend in the development of the livestock and poultry industry.Antibiotic substitutes can improve the growth performance of animals,improve intestinal health,and regulate the host immune system.They have the advantages of safety,efficiency,low residue,and low pollution,and have great prospects in the application of feed additives.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress in the application and action mechanism of green additives such as antibiotic substitutes,microecological agents,organic acids,plant extracts,Chinese herbal medicines,antimicrobial peptides,etc.,in order to provide reference for healthy livestock breeding and promote the green and healthy development of livestock and poultry breeding in China.

关 键 词：畜禽 抗生素替代物 绿色养殖 健康养殖 作用机制 抗生素替代品 微生态制剂 植物提取物 中草药 有机酸 抗菌肽 畜禽健康 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]