控水促根和稀播培育长叶龄壮根苗对烤烟干物质和氮磷钾积累的影响  

Effects of Controlling Water to Promote Root and Sparse Sowing to Breed Long-Leaf Age Strong Root Seedlings on Accumulation of Dry Matter and Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium in Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：肖志鹏 李建华 王卫民[2] 文伟康 江智敏[2] 徐志强[2] 母婷婷 曾惠宇 安然 黄琼慧 邓永晟 邓小华[3] XIAO Zhipeng;LI Jianhua;WANG Weimin;WEN Weikang;JIANG Zhimin;XU Zhiqiang;MU Tingting;ZENG Huiyu;AN Ran;HUANG Qionghui;DENG Yongsheng;DENG Xiaohua(Hengyang Branch of Hunan Tobacco Company,Hengyang,Hunan 421000;China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.Ltd,Hangzhou 310008;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421000 [2]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,杭州310008 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第27期27-39,共13页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司科技项目“稻茬烤烟‘云烟87’丰产增效应变栽培关键技术研究与应用”(HYYC2022KJ17);浙江中烟科技重点项目“高端‘利群’需求导向的湖南稻茬烤烟自控热泵电烤房烘烤工艺研究”(ZJZY2023B001)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究控制水分、稀疏播种和微生物菌剂添加对烤烟干物质及养分积累的影响。以‘云烟87’为材料,设计控水促根和稀播培育长叶龄烟苗两个因素,分析了大田团棵期、打顶期、圆顶期的烤烟干物质积累与分配、氮磷钾养分积累与分配、氮磷钾肥料利用效率状况,采用η^(2)值大小评价了控水促根和稀播培育长叶龄烟苗及其互作的贡献率。结果表明:增加育苗盘孔径、添加微生物菌剂在基质中、水分管理为前漂后湿等措施培育大叶龄烟苗,可提高烤烟干物质积累量和干物质在烟叶分中分配比例,提高氮、磷、钾养分积累量,促进烤烟对吸收肥料中养分,提高烤烟干物质积累效率和烟叶生产效率。控水促根和稀播长叶龄及其互作对烤烟干物质积累的贡献率分别为30.42%、51.71%、17.87%,对烤烟氮积累的贡献率分别为24.44%、47.72%、27.84%,对烤烟磷积累的贡献率分别为25.69%、45.66%、28.65%,对烤烟钾积累的贡献率分别为30.00%、44.03%、25.97%。因此,在南方多雨稻作烟区,可采用控水促根培育措施来替代两段式育苗,培育适栽期长的壮苗,有利于促进烤烟早生快发,为优质丰产奠定基础。To explore the effects of cultivating strong root seedlings by controlling water to promote root and sparse sowing to breed long-leaf age seedling on tobacco dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,two factors of controlling water to promote root and raising long-leaf tobacco seedlings by sparse sowing were designed by using'Yunyan 87'as material.The dry matter,N,P,K accumulation and distribution,and N,P,K fertilizer utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco in the rosette stage,topping stage and round top stage were analyzed,and theη^(2) value was used to evaluate the contribution rate of controlling water to promote root and sparse sowing to breed long-aged strong root seedlings and their interaction.The results showed that increasing the aperture of nursery site,adding microbial agents in the substrate,moisture management adopted by floating seedling at early seedling stage and wet seedling at late seedling stage could improve the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plant,the dry matter distribution of tobacco leaf,the accumulation of N,P and K,the dry matter accumulation efficiency of flue-cured tobacco,the leaf production efficiency,and promote the fertilizer absorption.The contribution rates of controlling water to promote root,sparse sowing to breed long-aged and their interaction on dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco were 30.42%,51.71%and 17.87%,and those of nitrogen accumulation in flue-cured tobacco were 24.44%,47.72%and 27.84%,respectively.The contribution rates of phosphorus accumulation in flue-cured tobacco were 25.69%,45.66%and 28.65%,and those of potassium accumulation in flue-cured tobacco were 30.00%,44.03%and 25.97%,respectively.Therefore,in the rainy paddy-tobacco growing area of the south,the ways of controlling water to promote root could replace the two-stage seedling cultivation and cultivate strong seedlings with long suitable planting period,which was beneficial to promote early growth and rapid development of fluecured tobacco and lay the foundation f

关 键 词：控水促根 稀疏播种 长叶龄壮根苗 烤烟干物质积累 氮磷钾养分积累 烤烟生产 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S274[农业科学—作物学]