宁波地区长期非粮化生产对耕层土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Long-term Non-grain Production on Soil Physicochemical Properties of Topsoil in Ningbo Area

作　　者：应虹 朱诗君 金树权 汪峰 周金波 YING Hong;ZHU Shijun;JIN Shuquan;WANG Feng;ZHOU Jinbo(Ecology and Environment Institute,Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315040;Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315040)

机构地区：[1]宁波市农业科学研究院生态环境研究所,浙江宁波315040 [2]宁波市特色农产品质量检测与控制重点实验室,浙江宁波315040

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第27期75-82,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁波市科技创新2025重大专项“非粮化耕地和中低产田产能提升综合技术模式与应用”(2022Z169)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究宁波地区长期非粮化生产对耕层土壤理化性质的影响,为非粮化耕地的恢复利用提供参考依据。通过比较采集的全市130个非粮化耕地和53个对照样地的土壤样品,并结合地貌类型(水网平原、滨海平原、丘陵山区、河谷平原)和非粮化种植类型(苗木、果树)进行了系统分析。结果表明:非粮化耕地的土壤pH、有机质含量、土壤容重分别为5.74±0.83、24.72±8.01 g/kg和1.28±0.05 g/cm^(3),分别显著低于或高于周边水田的6.17±1.02、30.07±10.68 g/kg和1.18±0.05 g/cm^(3)(P<0.05)。不同地貌类型条件下,非粮化生产对耕层土壤理化性质的影响存在差异,其中对丘陵山区和河谷平原的耕地产生影响较大,导致土壤EC值、有机质和全氮含量均下降10%以上,土壤pH下降至酸性水平(pH<5.5)。2种非粮化生产方式(苗木和果树种植)均会不同程度导致土壤pH、EC值、CEC值、有机质和全氮含量下降与土壤容重上升,但苗木种植的影响程度均要大于果树种植,其中非粮化苗木地的有机质含量为22.90±7.18 g/kg,显著低于非粮化果园和对照样地的30.07±10.68 g/kg和26.87±8.44 g/kg(P<0.05)。研究表明,宁波地区长期非粮化生产导致土壤酸化、地力下降和土壤紧实度提高等问题,同时非粮化耕地的恢复利用应充分考虑地貌类型和非粮化种植类型等因素差异。To provide a reference for the restoration and utilization of non-grain cultivated land,the effects of long-term non-grain production on soil physicochemical properties of topsoil in Ningbo area were explored deeply.In this study,soil samples were collected from 130 non-grain cultivated land and 53 control plots,and then were systematically analyzed based on geomorphic types(water network plain,coastal plain,hilly area and valley plain)and non-grain planting types(nursery land and orchard).The results showed that:the pH,organic matter content and soil bulk density of non-grain cultivated land were 5.74±0.83,24.72±8.01 g/kg and 1.28±0.05 g/cm^(3),respectively,significantly lower or higher than that of surrounding paddy fields(6.17±1.02,30.07±10.68 g/kg and 1.18±0.05 g/cm^(3),respectively)(P<0.05).Under different terrains,the effects of non-grain production on soil physicochemical properties were different,and the greater effects were found in hilly areas and valley plains.Specifically,there was a decrease of more than 10%in EC,organic matter and total nitrogen content,and pH value decreased into an acidic level less than pH 5.5.The two non-grain production types of nursery stock and orchard both led to the decrease of pH,EC,CEC,organic matter and total nitrogen content and the increase of soil bulk density,and the former had a greater impact.The organic matter content of nursery stock was 22.90±7.18 g/kg,significantly lower than that of orchard and control plots(30.07±10.68 g/kg and 26.87±8.44 g/kg)(P<0.05).Our results indicated that the long-term non-grain production in Ningbo resulted in soil acidification,decreased fertility and increased soil compactness,and the restoration and utilization of nongrain cultivated land should fully consider the differences of geomorphic types and non-grain planting types.

关 键 词：宁波地区 非粮化生产 土壤理化性质 地貌 种植类型 复耕利用 土壤pH 有机质含量 土壤容重 电导率 阳离子交换量 耕地管理 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S159.2[农业科学—土壤学]