网络犯罪防治中的轻罪扩张及其限度  

Expansion and Limitations of Criminal Law in Preventing and Controlling Cybercrime

作　　者：郭旨龙[1] GUO Zhi-long(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100091)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2024年第5期60-68,共9页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“数据竞争不法行为入罪边界的刑法解释研究”(项目号:23CFX065)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：网络犯罪的防治目标导致刑法不断扩张。当前最为典型的问题是如何理性认识并调适帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的防治功能及其限度。在帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的起诉人数爆发式增长的背景下,应当认为本罪的出台和适用基本符合刑事正义,但需要做出一定的调适。其一,帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的司法基本符合罪刑法定原则,被帮助的行为类型属于刑法上规定的行为类型即可,这平衡了应对网络社会风险和满足公民可预见性的需求,是在网络空间中贯彻罪刑法定原则的最新趋势。其二,根据罪刑相当理念,从一重罪论处不应当仅仅看重可能判处的刑罚,还应当考虑罪名标签是否适当、全面评价了帮助行为的性质和危害。在帮助多种犯罪行为类型时,认定为本罪更加适当、全面,但可能需要法定刑幅度的增设与匹配。其三,在程序正义上,客观罪量和主观“明知”可以通过严格的程序得以确认,但在打击“两卡”犯罪导致案件“井喷”的态势下,需要调适“两卡”犯罪线下帮助行为的入罪标准。The goal of preventing and controlling cybercrime has led to the continuous expansion of criminal law.A typical issue at present is how to rationally understand and adjust the prevention and control function of the crime of assisting with information network criminal activities and its limits.Given the explosive growth in the number of prosecutions for the crime of assisting with information network criminal activities,it should be recognized that the establishment and application of the crime is basically in line with criminal justice,though certain adjustments are necessary.First,the judicial handling of the crime of assisting in information network criminal activities basically adheres to the principle of legality,where the types of assisted behaviors fall within those specified by criminal law.This balances the need to respond to the risks of cyber society with the need to satisfy the citizens’predictability,representing the latest trend in applying the principle of legality in cyberspace.Furthermore,according to the concept of proportionate punishment,assessing a crime based on its severity should not solely focus on the potential penalty but also consider whether the crime label is appropriate and fully evaluates the nature and harm of the assisting behavior.When assisting multiple types of criminal behavior,identifying it as this particular crime is more appropriate and comprehensive,though it may require the introduction and alignment of statutory penalty ranges.Finally,in terms of procedural justice,the objective seriousness of the crime and the subjective element of“knowing”can be confirmed via strict procedures.However,in the context of the“explosion”of cases related to the crackdown on the“two-card crime”(referring to cybercrime involving SIM cards and bank cards),it is necessary to adjust the standards for criminalizing offline assisting behaviors related to“two-card crime”.

关 键 词：帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪 罪刑法定 罪刑相当 正当程序 “两卡”犯罪 

分 类 号：D60[政治法律—政治学]