文化多样性与统一性关系:面向现代国家的人类学知识生产议题——以博厄斯学派国族研究为中心的讨论  

The Relationship Between Cultural Diversity and Unity:Issues in Anthropological Knowledge Production for the Modern States Focusing on the Nation Studies of the Boas School

作　　者：何明[1,2] 张方亮 HE Ming;ZHANG Fang-liang(National Centre for Borderlands Ethnic Studies in Southwest China,Yunnan University,Kunming,650091)

机构地区：[1]云南大学西南边疆少数民族研究中心 [2]云南大学西南联合研究生院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2024年第5期80-91,共12页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国民族团结和民族关系的理论和实践研究”(项目号:16ZDA151)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人类学的学术研究自20世纪初期开始从初民社会向现代社会转向,围绕国家建设和国族建设进行知识生产,其中的重要议题就是多民族国家的文化多样性与统一性关系。通过梳理、分析和反思最早有组织地转向现代社会的人类学家群体——博厄斯学派关于多民族国家文化多样性与统一性关系议题研究,运用人类学学科范式调查研究多民族国家内部不同群体之间的文化差异性及其统一性整合,抽绎出影响整合差异性以形成统一性过程的文化与政治、文化与文明的关系等关键性因素,能够为科学揭示中华民族形成和发展的道理、学理和哲理,建构中国民族学自主的知识体系和理论体系,提供比较和参照。Since the early 20th century,anthropological academic research has shifted from the study of primitive societies to modern societies,focusing on knowledge production related to state-building and nation-building.An important topic within this field is the relationship between cultural diversity and unity in multi-national states.By reviewing,analyzing,and reflecting on the Boas school’s research on the relationship between cultural diversity and unity in multi-ethnic states,the earliest anthropologists from the Boas school systematically turned their attention to modern societies.This study uses anthropological paradigms to investigate cultural differences and their integration into unity among different groups within a multi-ethnic state.It identifies key factors,such as the relationship between culture and politics,and between culture and civilization,that influence the process of integrating diversity to form unity.These insights can scientifically reveal the principles,academic reasoning,and philosophy behind the formation and development of the Chinese nation,and contribute to constructing an independent knowledge and theoretical system for Chinese ethnology by providing a basis for comparison and reference.

关 键 词：文化多样性 文化统一性 博厄斯学派 知识生产 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]