两宋金元时期纸币面额的类型及其演进趋势研究  

On the Characteristics and Trends of Paper Currency Denomination During the Song,Jin,and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：王文成 何姣 WANG Wen-cheng;HE Jiao(School of Humanities,Kunming University,Kunming,650214)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2024年第5期103-112,共10页Social Sciences in Yunnan

摘　　要：纸币面额由不同数额和货币单位组成,是纸币名义价值最重要的核心标识。两宋金元时期,纸币面额可分为“贯陌”两等制、“贯文”四等制、“两钱分厘”四等制三种类型,主要以既有的金属货币为依据,通过“以钱计值”“兑银计值”“以银计值”三种方式设定。纸币面额所代表的金属货币价值,逐步从铁钱的价值向铜钱和银两的价值转换,单张纸币面额所标识的名义价值量逐步降低。这不仅是纸币流通范围扩大、日益深入基层市场的直观反映,而且体现了白银货币化和货币白银化进程中,货币流通格局从“钱楮并用”到“银钞相权”的演进。纸币自身的作用,也随之完成了从浓缩大额铁钱(铜钱)的价值,到替代铜(铁)钱、拆零等分银两的转变。纸币面额的类型及其演变,是总结中国古代发明纸币的成就和经验,认识中国古代纸币性质和特点的重要切入点。The denomination of paper currency,consisting of different amounts and monetary units,is the most essential identifier of its nominal value.During the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,paper currency denomination can be categorized into three types:“Guan-Mo”two-tier system,“Guan-Wen”four-tier system,“Liang-Qian-Fen-Li”four-tier system.They were respectively set in terms of existing metal money by three methods:valuing in currency,valuing in exchanged silver,and valuing in silver.The value of metal currency represented by paper currency denomination gradually shifted from iron coins to copper coins and silver.Meanwhile,the magnitude of a sheet of paper currency’s notional value gradually decreased.The trend did not only directly reflect the expansion of the circulation range of paper currency and its increasing penetration into grassroots markets but also embodied the evolution of the monetary circulation pattern from a system of“co-use of coins and paper currency”(qian-chu-bing-yong)to“co-circulation of silver and paper currency”(yin-chao-xiang-quan)during the monetization of silver and the silverization of currency.The role of paper currency itself also transitioned,from concentrating the value of large amounts of iron(or copper)coins to replacing copper(or iron)coins and being subdivided into smaller units of silver.The types and evolution of paper currency denomination provide a critical entry point for summarizing the achievements and the experences of China’s invention of paper currency,and recognizing the nature and characteristics of ancient Chinese paper currency.

关 键 词：两宋金元时期 纸币 面额 铜铁钱 银两 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]