数字化背景下《海商法》被保险人告知制度修订思路探析——以英国法为借鉴  

Revision of the Maritime Law's Insured's Notification System in the Context of Digitalization:Taking the UK Law as a Reference

作　　者：张琪梦 Zhang Qimeng(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》2024年第3期62-71,共10页Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：数字经济改变了海上保险主体信息不对称的局面,而我国海上被保险人告知制度立法表述笼统、司法实践中适用性较弱,无法适应航运技术创新和数字化转型对建立保险关系提出的新要求。经可行性分析可知,英国海上被保险人告知制度所引入的被保险人合理陈述义务以及告知义务“重大情况”界定标准对于《海商法》数字化转型具有借鉴意义——合理陈述义务有助于构建保险对话机制,采用纯粹性影响标准与风险诱导规则相结合的方法、以主客观双重维度界定“重大情况”有助于纠偏标准不明导致的混乱状态。立足本国国情,《海商法》的修订应结合风险诱导规则限定“重大情况”范围、以理性被保险人标准辅助界定“有限的主动告知义务”内涵、完善被保险人告知义务豁免制度。The digital economy has changed the information asymmetry of the subject of marine insurance,and the generalization of the legislation and weak applicability in judicial practice of China's marine insured notification system is unable to adapt to the new requirements for the establishment of insurance relations put forward by the technological innovation and digital transformation of shipping.With feasibility analysis it reveals that the insured's duty of reasonable representationand the standard of“material circumstances”for the duty to notify in UK marine insured notification system inspire the digital transformation of the Maritime Law.The duty of reasonable representation contributes to the construction of a mechanism for insurance dialogues;the combination of the“mere influence”test and the“probably tending to increase the risk”test to judge the“material circumstance”from the subjective and objective dimension helps to rectify the confusion caused by the unclear standard.Based on the national situation,the revision of the Maritime Law should combine the rule of risk induction to limit the scope of“material circumstances”,use the standard of rational insured to help define the meaning of“limited active duty to inform”,and improve the system of exemption of insured's duty to inform.

关 键 词：数字化转型 《海商法》修订 海上保险 合理陈述义务 重大情况 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]