不同抑爆剂对锂离子电池热失控的抑制效果试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Suppression Effect of Different Explosion Suppressant on Thermal Runaway of Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：赵天成[1] 余思瀚 ZHAO Tiancheng;YU Sihan(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《安全》2024年第9期68-76,共9页Safety & Security

基　　金：火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题(HZ2022-KF08)。

摘　　要：为探究不同抑爆剂对锂离子电池热失控的抑制效果,采用七氟丙烷和全氟己酮作为抑爆剂对18650三元锂离子电池进行灭火抑爆试验。试验结果显示:七氟丙烷和全氟己酮均可对锂离子电池燃爆产生抑制效果,降低燃爆温度,减弱燃爆效果,抑制其热失控传播;全氟己酮抑制锂离子电池模组热失控传播的能力优于七氟丙烷,在试验中,当释放七氟丙烷抑爆剂的质量体积浓度低于3.06 kg/m 3时便无法抑制电池模组的热失控传播;全氟己酮可抑制锂离子电池模组燃爆后的环境温度,并降低温升速率,最低可降低至-22.3℃/s,且可对电池燃爆后的压力峰值起到抑制作用;效果最好的电池模组首次燃爆与第二次燃爆的压力峰值差为0.04 MPa。In order to explore the suppression effect of different explosion suppressants on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries,HFC-227ea and PERFLUORO were used as explosion suppressants to carry out the test of extinguishing and inhibiting the 18650 ternary lithium-ion battery fires.The test results show that HFC-227ea and PERFLUORO can inhibit the lithium-ion battery fire blast,reduce the fire blast temperature,weaken the fire blast effect,and inhibit the thermal runaway propagation;that the capacity to inhibit the propagation of the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery module by PERFLUORO is better than HFC-227ea,and when the mass volume concentration of the HFC-227ea explosion suppression agent is lower than 3.06 kg/m 3,the thermal runaway propagation of the battery module cannot be inhibited;that PERFLUORO can inhibit the ambient temperature after the lithium-ion battery module fire blast happens,and reduce the temperature rate of the temperature rise,decrease the ambient temperature to-22.3℃/s,and play an inhibitory role to the pressure peak after the battery fire blast happens;and that the peak pressure difference between the first fire blast and the second fire blast of the battery module is 0.04 MPa at the best of scenario.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 热失控 七氟丙烷 全氟己酮 热滥用 抑爆效果 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM911.1[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]