大棚葡萄套种粮油作物的病虫害发生情况及经济效益分析  

Occurrence of Diseases and Pests and Economic Benefits of Grape Interplanted with Grain and Oil Crops at Greenhouse

作　　者：李航 Li Hang(Community Development Center of Chongtai Street,Jianyang District,Nanping,Fujian 354200,China)

机构地区：[1]南平市建阳区崇泰街道社区发展中心,福建南平354200

出　　处：《东南园艺》2024年第3期171-176,共6页Southeast Horticulture

基　　金：南平市第一届科技特派员创新创业大赛项目(南科特领综[2022]4号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为解决葡萄种植导致耕地“非粮化”的粮油安全生产问题。【方法】2022-2023年在福建省南平市开展‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄大棚内套种粮油作物(马铃薯、油菜)试验,以未套种的葡萄作为对照,观测套种作物和葡萄的病虫害发生情况,测算产量,比较分析种植的经济效益。【结果】大棚葡萄套种马铃薯,马铃薯的病虫害发生较轻,且与葡萄生长期错开,对葡萄的病虫害和产量无显著影响,套种经济效益增加;而套种油菜,不利于葡萄园的清园消毒,影响通风透气,导致葡萄灰霉病、白腐病、炭疽病发生较重,产量和经济效益降低。【结论】南平市葡萄大棚于10月下旬套种马铃薯最佳,可实现粮果双丰收,适合在生产中推广应用。【Objective】 To solve the problem of grain and oil safety production of non-grain production caused by grape planting. 【Method】 Experiment of grain and oil crops(potato and rapeseed) interplanted with grape ‘Shine Muscat' at greenhouse was carried out in Nanping City,Fujian Province between 2022 and 2023. Grape without interplanting was used as control. Their occurrence of diseases and pests and yield were observed and measured.Economic benefits were also compared. 【Result】 There were less diseases and pests when potato was interplanted with grape at greenhouse. Moreover,it could avoid grape growth period and had no significant effect on diseases,pests and yield of grape. Economic benefits were increased. It was adverse to cleaning and disinfection of grape orchard and affected ventilation and breathability,which resulted in severe damage of grape gray mold and white rot and ripe rot and then yield and economic benefits were decreased. 【Conclusion】 Economic benefits reached the highest when potato was interplanted with grape at greenhouse in October,achieving bumper harvest of grain and fruit. Potato Interplanted with grape could be promoted in production.

关 键 词：葡萄 套种 马铃薯 油菜 病虫害 经济效益 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]