辽河三角洲湿地能量交换特征  

Energy exchange characteristics of wetlands in the Liaohe River Delta

作　　者：苗静 杨同宇 易希延 孙琳琳 袁潮 赵硕 MIAO Jing;YANG Tong-yu;YI Xi-yan;SUN Lin-lin;YUAN Chao;ZHAO Shuo(Panjin National Climate Observatory,Panjin 124010,Liaoning,China;Panjin Meteorological Bureau,Panjin 124010,Liaoning,China;Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110166,China)

机构地区：[1]盘锦国家气候观象台,辽宁盘锦124010 [2]盘锦市气象局,辽宁盘锦124010 [3]辽宁省生态气象和卫星遥感中心,沈阳110166

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第9期52-59,共8页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0801301);科技部科技基础资源调查项目(2019FY0101302);辽宁省气象局指导计划项目(ZD202446);盘锦市气象局气象科研课题(PJ202306);国家自然科学基金青年项目(42305013);中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项(23NLTSQ002)。

摘　　要：为探究辽河三角洲湿地能量交换特征,利用中国气象局东北地区生态与农业气象野外科学试验基地盘锦水稻试验站2019年的观测数据,分析盘锦湿地稻田平均场特征和感热通量、潜热通量以及辐射收支情况。结果表明,研究区年平均气温10.9℃,年降水量747.8 mm,降水主要发生在5—9月,约占年降水量的88.7%;全年以西南风为主,其次为东北风,春季风速较大,其他季节风速较小。各季节感热通量和潜热通量最大值均集中在中午,感热通量在春季最大,全年平均值为9.26 W/m^(2);潜热通量集中在5—9月,年平均值为53.39 W/m^(2)。太阳总辐射是影响净辐射的主要因素,各季节净辐射表现为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季;向下短波辐射表现为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季;向上短波辐射表现为春季>夏季>冬季>秋季。在湿地与大气的能量交换中,全年以潜热交换为主,其中春季和夏季以感热交换为主,秋季和冬季以潜热交换为主;Bowen比与风速、蒸散系数与饱和水汽压差呈正相关,蒸散系数与风速呈负相关,Bowen比随饱和水汽压差的增加先迅速减小后缓慢增加至趋于稳定。To explore the energy exchange characteristics of wetlands in the Liaohe River Delta,the observation data from the Panjin Rice Experiment Station of the Northeast Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Field Scientific Experiment Base of the China Me-teorological Administration in 2019 were used to analyze the average field characteristics,sensible heat flux,latent heat flux,and ra-diation budget of paddy fields in Panjin Wetland.The results showed that the average annual temperature in the study area was 10.9℃,and the annual precipitation was 747.8 mm.Precipitation mainly occurred from May to September,accounting for about 88.7%of the annual precipitation;throughout the year,southwest winds dominated,followed by northeast winds.The wind speed was higher in spring and lower in other seasons.The maximum sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in each season were concentrated at noon,while the sensible heat flux was highest in spring,with an average annual value of 9.26 W/m^(2);the latent heat flux was concen-trated from May to September,with an annual average of 53.39 W/m^(2).The total solar radiation was the main factor affecting net radia-tion,and the net radiation in each season showed the order of spring>summer>autumn>winter;the downward shortwave radiation was manifested as spring>summer>autumn>winter;upward shortwave radiation was manifested as spring>summer>winter>autumn.In the energy exchange between wetlands and the atmosphere,latent heat exchange was dominant throughout the year,with sensible heat ex-change being dominant in spring and summer,and latent heat exchange being dominant in autumn and winter;the Bowen ratio was pos-itively correlated with wind speed,evapotranspiration coefficient and saturated vapor pressure difference,and the evapotranspiration coefficient was negatively correlated with wind speed.The Bowen ratio first rapidly decreased and then slowly increased to stabilize with the increase of saturated vapor pressure difference.

关 键 词：湿地 能量交换 辽河三角洲 特征 

分 类 号：P425.23[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]