智力残疾人权益保障:现状、困境与法律对策  

The Protection of Rights and Interests of People with Intellectual Disabilities:Current Status,Challenges,and Legal Strategies

作　　者：魏琼[1] 孙佳 Wei Qiong;Sun Jia

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海201620

出　　处：《南海法学》2024年第4期103-114,共12页The South China Sea Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大委托项目“中华法系与中华法律文化问题研究”(20@ZH038)。

摘　　要：智力残疾人是存在认知能力和适应能力障碍的特殊群体,其法律权益保障不容忽视。现阶段我国智力残疾人权益保障已基本形成规范体系,存在倡导性保障、默示性保障以及特定情境下的特殊保护三种规范类型,但在具体实施中仍面临不少挑战。其中,有三大问题较突出,即尚缺少针对智力残疾人特殊性的保障规范、残疾证办理困难以及特殊保护保障缺乏可操作性等问题。为此,宜以我国现行《行政处罚法》新增的有关智力残疾人免于以及从轻或者减轻行政处罚的条款为契机,加强智力残疾人权益特殊保护;优化执法程序、完善法律援助,为智力残疾人增添执法与司法中的人性化保障;提升智力残疾人服务体系与无障碍设施建设,为落实智力残疾人权益保障提供便利。Intellectual disabilities constitute a special group with cognitive and adaptive challenges,necessitating robust legal protection for their rights and interests.Currently,China's system for safeguarding the rights and interests of individuals with intellectual disabilities has established a normative framework that includes three types of protections:advocacy,implicit,and special protections under specific circumstances.Despite this,the implementation process faces numerous challenges,notably the lack of norms tailored to the unique needs of individuals with intellectual disabilities,difficulties in obtaining disability certificates,and the impracticality of special protections.To address these issues,it is imperative to leverage the new provisions in China's"Administrative Penalty Law"that pertain to the exemption,mitigation,or reduction of administrative penalties for individuals with intellectual disabilities to enhance their special protections.Efforts should also be made to refine law enforcement procedures and augment legal aid to provide more humane safeguards within the judicial and law enforcement realms for this vulnerable group.Additionally,it is crucial to enhance the service system and accessibility infrastructure for individuals with intellectual disabilities to ensure the effective realization of their rights and interests.

关 键 词：智力残疾人 权益保障 行政处罚法 残疾证办理 无障碍化 

分 类 号：D922.182.3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]