间作绿肥对盐碱地土壤改良及青贮玉米产量的影响  

Impact of intercropping green manure on saline-alkali soil characteristics and silage maize yield

作　　者：程永钢 金辉[2] 郑普山 孙崇凤 姜洪进 金江 刘鸿宇 CHENG Yonggang;JIN Hui;ZHENG Pushan;SUN Chongfeng;JIANG Hongjin;JIN Jiang;LIU Hongyu(College of Resource and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;College of Agricultural Economics and Management,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太原030031 [2]山西农业大学农业经济管理学院,太原030801

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第5期1100-1110,共11页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系晋北综合试验站项目(CARS-22-Z-03);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BFH03008-3);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L099)。

摘　　要：为探明间作绿肥对盐碱地土壤改良及种植作物产量的影响,本研究于2019—2021年在山西省朔州市山阴县典型中度盐碱地开展为期3年的田间定位试验。试验设5个处理:青贮玉米单作(CK)、化学改良(脱硫石膏、生物炭、复合肥)+单作(L)、化学改良+间作2行绿肥(LC1,绿肥选用毛叶苕子)、化学改良+间作3行绿肥(LC2)和化学改良+间作4行绿肥(LC3)。结果表明:与L处理相比,LC1、LC2、LC3处理土壤有机质含量提高了2.34%~4.45%、全氮含量提高了22.46%~33.80%,0~20 cm土壤pH降低了1.00%~2.27%,含盐量降低了17.43%~21.64%,玉米产量显著提高6.76%~8.54%,其中LC2处理改良效果最佳。研究表明,化学改良+间作3行绿肥并翻压还田模式能有效改良盐碱土壤,提升土壤肥力,促进作物增产,是较好的盐碱地综合改良利用技术模式。Improving saline-alkali land holds significant importance for food security and optimal land resource utilization in China.To address the impact of intercropping with green manure on soil improvement and crop yield in saline-alkali land,a three-year field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in moderately saline-alkali land in Shanyin County,Shuozhou City,Shanxi Province.Five treatments were implemented:maize monoculture without fertilizer application(CK),chemical and organic fertilizer application(desulfurized gypsum,straw biochar,compound fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O:28-15-15))+maize monoculture(L),chemical and organic fertilizer application+intercropping with two rows of green manure using Vicia villosa Roth.(LC1),chemical and organic fertilizer application+intercropping with three rows of green manure(LC2),and chemical and organic fertilizer application+intercropping with four rows of green manure(LC3).Results indicated that,compared with the L treatment,the treatments LC1,LC2,and LC3 increased soil organic matter and total nitrogen by 2.34%~4.45%and 22.46%~33.80%,and reduced soil pH and salt content by 1.00%-2.27%and 17.43%~21.64%,respectively.Maize yield significantly increased from 6.76%~8.54%,with the best improvement observed in LC2.Considering all aspects,LC2 treatment,along with mulching and reintegration into the field,merges as a potent method for ameliorating saline-alkali soils,enhancing soil fertility,and elevating crop yield.This approach holds promise as a holistic strategy for reclaiming and optimizing the utilization of saline-alkali land.

关 键 词：盐碱地 绿肥 土壤改良 土壤特性 作物产量 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学] S548