飞机机体调心轴承滚珠脱落失效分析  

Failure Analysis of Ball Shedding of Aircraft Body Spherical Bearings

作　　者：康智翔 胡忠会 贾忠宁 KANG Zhi-xiang;HU Zhong-hui;JIA Zhong-ning(The First Aircraft Institute of AVIC,Xi’an 710089,China)

机构地区：[1]航空工业第一飞机设计研究院,西安710089

出　　处：《失效分析与预防》2024年第4期290-295,共6页Failure Analysis and Prevention

基　　金：装备技术基础项目(221GJBZF0116)。

摘　　要：为探究飞机平尾载荷机构摇臂调心球轴承滚珠脱落问题,从轴承质量、意外载荷损伤、技术要求等方面对摇臂调心球轴承滚珠进行检测分析,确定调心球轴承的失效原因。结果表明:调心球轴承主要失效原因为载荷机构尾部双叉耳槽口设计宽度过大,对平尾载荷机构外筒的转动范围限制不足,导致调心球轴承调心角超出轴承许用范围。通过设计改进,在摇臂的单耳外侧平面与平尾载荷机构后端双耳内侧平面之间增加垫圈以对调心角度进行约束,使用效果良好。对共性案例补充分析,进一步印证调心轴承在应用过程中,实际调心角度必须在轴承许用调心角范围内的重要性。本研究对指导飞机结构设计,规范安装维护操作规程具有现实意义。In order to investigate the problem of bearing ball shedding in the rocker arm centering ball bearing of the flat tail load mechanism on the aircraft,bearing ball shedding in the rocker arm centering ball bearing was tested and analyzed from the aspects of bearing quality,accidental load damage,technical requirements,etc.,to determine the cause of the failure of the centering ball bearing.The results indicate that the width of the double fork ear groove at the tail of the load mechanism was designed too large,and the rotation range of the outer cylinder of the flat tail load mechanism was not limited enough,resulting in the swivelling angle of the spherical ball bearing exceeding the allowable range,which are the main failure causes.Through adding a washer between the outer plane of the single ear of the rocker arm and the inner plane of the double ears at the rear end of the flat tail load mechanism to constrain the swivelling angle,the using effect was improved.Supplementary analysis of common cases further confirms the importance of the actual alignment angle of self-aligning bearings being within the allowable alignment angle range during application.This study has practical significance for guiding aircraft structural design and standardizing installation and maintenance operating procedures.

关 键 词：调心轴承 许用调心角 实际调心角 失效分析 设计改进 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]