高强钢中非氢为主导因素引发的氢脆断裂  

Hydrogen Embrittlement Phenomena of High-strength Steels Caused by Non-hydrogen Dominated Factors

作　　者：李平平 LI Ping-ping(CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jiangsu Changzhou 213011,China)

机构地区：[1]中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所股份有限公司,江苏常州213011

出　　处：《失效分析与预防》2024年第4期296-304,共9页Failure Analysis and Prevention

摘　　要：综合分析近年来高强钢的断裂微观特征,发现一些过去被忽视但对氢脆断裂影响极为关键的新现象。如氢含量低于0.2 ppm时氢脆现象仍可发生,强度和应力(集中)是氢脆断裂中最为突出的影响因素,晶界撕裂棱线在磨削裂纹面和淬火裂纹面普遍存在等。本文针对晶界撕裂棱线能否作为高强钢中氢是导致氢脆失效的根本原因的判断问题,列举了成分偏析、选材、回火脆性、残余应力、磨削加工等5个非氢为主导因素引发的氢脆现象。旨在为企业及技术人员提供参考和借鉴:除了要严格执行氢处理规范外,在高强钢的设计、工艺、制造等方面也要引起足够的重视。Through the analysis of the microscopic fracture characteristics of high-strength steels in recent years,we have uncovered previously overlooked phenomena that are crucial to understanding hydrogen embrittlement failure.These include instances of hydrogen embrittlement occurring at hydrogen contents below 0.2 ppm,as well as the significant influence of strength and stress(concentration),along with the widespread presence of grain boundary tearing ridges on grinding and quenching fracture surfaces.This paper identifies five non-hydrogen-dominated factors contributing to hydrogen embrittlement,encompassing chemical segregation,material selection,tempering embrittlement,residual stress,and grinding processing.It addresses whether grain boundary tearing ridges can serve as a criterion for establishing hydrogen as the root cause of hydrogen embrittlement failure in high-strength steels.The objective is to provide valuable reference and guidance for enterprises and technical personnel while emphasizing strict adherence to hydrogen treatment specifications and underscoring the importance of giving due attention to the design,process,and manufacturing aspects related to high-strength steels.

关 键 词：高强钢 氢脆 撕裂棱线 偏析 回火脆性 残余应力 磨削加工 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]