不同施肥方式对土壤理化性质和烟草生长的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Tobacco Growth

作　　者：陈小翔[1] 杨承 贺帅 赵炯平 章友爱 史久长 崔庆伟[1] 王卫民[1] 李林达 龚治翔 艾永峰 王晓强 Chen Xiaoxiang;Yang cheng;He Shuai;Zhao Jiongping;Zhang Youai;Shi Jiuchang;Cui Qingwei;Wang Weimin;Li Linda;Gong Zhixiang;Ai Yongfeng;Wang Xiaoqiang(Zhejiang China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.Hangzhou 310008,Zhejiang,China;Tongren City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Tongren 554300,Guizhou,China;Bijie City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Bijie 551799,Guizhou,China Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江杭州310008 [2]贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司,贵州铜仁554300 [3]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551799 [4]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2024年第5期26-31,52,共7页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：浙江中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2023330000341204);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(20220007);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC04)。

摘　　要：为明确不同施肥方式对烟草土壤理化性质以及烟株生长的影响,研究了常规施肥条件下额外添加微生物菌剂、微生物有机肥和高炭基肥对不同生育期烟草农艺性状、土壤理化性质和烟叶质量的影响。结果表明:常规施肥与微生物有机肥联合处理可以促进烟株的生长,在烟株成熟期最大叶宽和最大叶面积均显著高于常规施肥,分别增加了18.4%和20.0%。值得注意的是,添加微生物有机肥、微生物菌剂以及高炭基肥的处理相较常规施肥能够显著提高土壤中的速效钾和有机质的含量,速效钾含量由374.8 mg/kg分别提升至819.3、813.9和769.6 mg/kg,有机质含量提升1.25至1.35倍,烟叶每公顷产量相较常规施肥提升60~110 kg,每公顷产值相较常规施肥增收2121~2892元。综上所述,相较于常规施肥,烟草种植过程中增施额外的微生物菌剂、微生物有机肥和高炭基肥对改善烟草土壤环境、促进烟株生长发育和提高烟叶产、质量具有积极作用。To elucidate the effects of different fertilization methods on the physicochemical properties of tobacco soil and tobacco plant growth,the effects of additional microbial agents,microbial organic fertilizers,and high carbon-based fertilizers on the agronomic traits,soil physicochemical properties,and tobacco leaf quality of tobacco at different growth stages under conventional fertilization conditions were conducted.The results showed that the combined treatment of conventional fertilization and microbial organic fertilizer could promote the growth of tobacco plants.The maximum leaf width and maximum leaf area during the mature stage of tobacco plants were significantly higher than the control group treated with conventional fertilization,increasing by 18.4%and 20.0%,respectively.It is worth noting that the treatment of adding microbial organic fertilizer,microbial agents,and high carbon-base fertilizer significantly increased the content of available potassium and organic matter in the soil compared to the control group treated of conventional fertilization.The content of available potassium was increased from 374.8 mg/kg to 819.3,813.9,and 769.6 mg/kg,respectively.The organic matter content increased by 1.25 to 1.35 times,and the yield of tobacco leaf per hectare increased by 60~110 kg compared to the control group,along with the output value per hectare increased by 2121~2892 yuan.In conclusion,compared to conventional fertilization,the application of additional microbial agents,microbial organic fertilizers,and high carbon-based fertilizers during tobacco cultivation has a positive effect on improving the tobacco soil environment,promoting tobacco plant growth and development,as well as improving tobacco leaf yield and quality.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 微生物有机肥 植烟土壤 烟草质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]