生物炭配施化肥对稻田土壤有机碳矿化的影响  

Effects of Biochar Combined with Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization in Paddy Fields

作　　者：卢清涛 杨宏伟 王小利[1] 段建军 梅婷婷 Lu Qingtao;Yang Hongwei;Wang Xiaoli;Duan Jianjun;Mei Tingting(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;College of Tobacco,Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research,Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学烟草学院/贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2024年第5期53-57,92,共6页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：国家重点专项部省联动计划课题(2022YFD1901505)。

摘　　要：本研究通过大田试验结合室内培养试验和碱液吸收法,研究低量和高量生物炭配施化肥对稻田土壤有机碳(SOC)及其矿化的影响。试验共设置4个处理:不施氮肥(PK)、常规化肥(NPK)、低量生物炭4.0 t/hm^(2)+常规化肥(NPK+LB)、高量生物炭12.0 t/hm^(2)+常规化肥(NPK+HB),采用大区对比试验。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,NPK+LB和NPK+HB处理的SOC含量分别增加了9.07%和15.77%。各处理SOC矿化速率在第1天达到最大值,第6~24天缓慢下降,第24~45天趋于平缓。培养结束(第45天)时,各处理SOC累积矿化量在1.47~2.52 g/kg之间。与NPK处理相比,NPK+LB和NPK+HB处理的SOC累积矿化率分别下降了22.23%和14.15%。在本试验条件下,在安顺地区稻田低量生物炭(4.0 t/hm^(2))配施化肥可明显提高SOC含量,降低SOC累积矿化率,增强土壤固碳减排能力。In this study,the effects of low and high amounts of biochar combined with fertilizer on soil organic carbon(SOC)and its mineralization were studied through field experiment,laboratory culture experiment and alkali absorption method.Four treatments were set up in the field:PK(no nitrogen fertilizer application),NPK(conventional fertilizer),NPK+LB(low biomass biochar 4.0 t/hm^(2)+conventional fertilizer),NPK+HB(high biomass biochar 12.0 t/hm^(2)+conventional fertilizer)through large-scale comparative experiments without duplication.The results showed that the SOC contents of NPK+LB and NPK+HB treatments increased by 9.07%and 15.77%,respectively,compared with NPK treatment.The SOC mineralization rate of each treatment reaches its maximum value on day 1,drops slowly in day 6~24 d,and tends to be flat in day 24~45 d.At the end of culture(45 d),the SOC accumulated mineralization of each treatment ranged from 1.47 to 2.52 g/kg.Compared with NPK treatment,the SOC cumulative mineralization rates of NPK+LB and NPK+HB treatments decreased by 22.23%and 14.15%,respectively.Under the experimental conditions,the application of low biochar(4.0 t/hm^(2))combined with chemical fertilizer in paddy fields in Anshun area can significantly increase SOC content,reduce SOC cumulative mineralization rate,and enhance soil carbon fixation and emission reduction capacity.

关 键 词：生物炭 稻田 土壤有机碳矿化 固碳减排 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]