山苍子花蕾挥发油的提取、鉴定及抗植物病原菌活性研究  

Extraction,Component Analysis,and Antifungal Activity on Plant Pathogenic Fungi of Essential Oil from Litsea cubeba Bud

作　　者：粟华生 徐仁乐 张艺 翁春霞 李健 SU Huasheng;XU Renle;ZHANG Yi;WEN Chunxia;LI Jian(College of Food and Drug Engineering,Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业职业技术大学食品药品工程学院,广西南宁530007 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第5期46-52,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：广西中医药多学科交叉创新团队项目(GZKJ2309);大学生创新创业项目(202316205016):中药抑菌保鲜膜的制作研究;广西特色预制菜(肉制品)健康保鲜技术研究与示范项目(XKJ2322)。

摘　　要：通过水蒸气蒸馏法从山苍子花蕾中提取山苍子花蕾挥发油,利用GC-MS仪对其化学成分进行分析,并采用菌丝生长速率法测试山苍子花蕾挥发油对水稻纹枯、苹果腐烂、辣椒疫霉、番茄灰霉、马铃薯晚疫和小麦茎基腐6种植物病原菌的抑菌活性;通过扫描电镜观察了山苍子花蕾挥发油对水稻纹枯病原菌超微结构的影响,并分析水稻纹枯病原菌的生理学变化。结果表明,山苍子花蕾挥发油中含有24种有效成分,其中反式柠檬醛含量为6.00%,桉叶油醇为6.13%,顺式柠檬醛为7.00%,柠檬烯含量高达38.85%;山苍子花蕾挥发油对水稻纹枯病原菌具有较好的抑制效果,其半数有效浓度(IC_(50)值)为150.138μg/mL;相较于空白组,山苍子花蕾挥发油处理水稻纹枯病原菌5 d后,菌丝的鲜重和干重分别降低74.36%和68.73%,MDA含量上升50.42%;在IC_(50)浓度下,菌丝的电导率最终上升75.34%。说明山苍子花蕾挥发油对菌丝细胞膜具有一定的破坏作用,导致菌丝体内电解质大量外泄,难以维持菌丝正常的生理生化功能,并导致了菌丝的死亡。以上结果为山苍子的高值化利用提供一定的理论参考。The Litsea cubeba bud essential oil(LCBEO)was extracted by steam distillation.The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by GC-MS method.The fungicidal activity of LCBEO was tested on six plant pathogens,including Rhizoctonia solani,Valsa mali,Phytophthora capsica,Botrytis cinerea,P.infestans and Fusarium pseudograminearum by mycelial growth rate method.The effect of LCOBEO on the ultrastructure of R.solani was observed by scanning electron microscopy,and the physiological indexes of mycelium were also analyzed.The results showed that LCBEO contained 24 active ingredients,including trans-citral(6.00%),eucalyptole alcohol(6.13%),cis-citral(7.00%),and limonene(as high as 38.85%).LCBEO presented a significant inhibitory effect on R.solani with the IC_(50)(half lethal concentration)value of 150.14μg/mL.Compared with the control,the fresh weight and dry weight of the mycelium decreased by 74.36%and 68.73%after 5 days treated by LCBEO,respectively.Additionally,MDA(malondialdehyde)content increased by 50.42%,and the conductivity increased by 75.34%.The above results indicate that LCBEO exhibits a certain destructive effect on the mycelial cell membrane,resulting in a large amount ofelectrolyte leakage,which is difficult to maintain the normal physiological and biochemical functions,andleading to the death of the mycelium.In conclusion,the above results can provide a theoretical reference forthe high-value utilization of LCBEO.

关 键 词：山苍子花蕾挥发油 水稻纹枯 植物病原菌 

分 类 号：S757.2[农业科学—森林经理学]