农地规模经营对农户健康的影响与作用机制研究——基于新疆农户微观数据的证据  

The Impact and Mechanism of Large-Scale Farming on Farmers'Health——Evidence from Micro Data of Farmers in Xinjiang

作　　者：杜美玲 祝宏辉[2] 张嘉淇 Du Meiling;Zhu Honghui;Zhang Jiaqi(School of Economics and Management,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China;Research Center for Rural Revitalization,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学经济与管理学院,山西太原030031 [2]石河子大学乡村振兴研究中心,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西部经济管理论坛》2024年第5期54-67,共14页West Forum on Economy and Management

基　　金：兵团社科基金项目“兵团生物肥料技术推广过程中职工行为响应与补偿机制研究”(21YB05);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目“伊犁河流域农业资源调查与生产结构布局优化”(2022xjkk0500)

摘　　要：农地规模经营加快了农业资源要素的重构与农户生活方式的转变,是增加农户物质财富与提升健康水平的现实保障。文章基于2009-2020年我国农村固定观察点中的新疆农户面板数据,从规模经济效应和劳动强度效应两个角度,理论阐述与实证检验农地规模经营对农户健康的影响效应及作用机制。结果表明:农地规模经营能够显著提升农户健康水平,为克服内生性问题,文章选取“村庄农地经营规模”作为工具变量并利用条件混合过程估计方法(CMP方法)进行重新回归,所得结论依然稳健。机制检验发现,农地规模经营主要通过提高农户家庭收入、降低农业劳动强度促进农户健康水平提升。进一步研究发现,农地规模经营对农户健康的改善效应在集中连片式农地情景下更为明显;在年轻农户和受教育程度较高的农户中,农地规模经营提升农户健康的效应更显著。基于此,文章提出适度推进农地规模经营、实施差异化的农地经营模式、健全土地流转市场中的市场机制等建议,为推动农业经济发展和让“健康中国”惠及乡村振兴提供有益借鉴。The large-scale agricultural operation has accelerated the reconstruction of agricultural resource elements and the transformation of farmers'lifestyles,which is a realistic guarantee for enhancing farmers'material wealth and im-proving their health status.Based on the panel data of Xinjiang farmers in the national rural fixed observation points between 2010 and 2020,this research theoretically expounds and empirically examines the impact of large-scale agricultur-al operation on farmers'health from the perspectives of scale economy effect and labor intensity effect.The results show that large-scale agricultural operation can significantly improve the health status of farm households.To overcome the en-dogeneity problem,this paper selects“village farmland scale”as an instrumental variable and conducts a regression using the conditional mixed process estimation method(CMP method),and the conclusions obtained are still robust.The mech-anism test results reveal that the large-scale agricultural operation mainly improves the health of farm households by in-creasing their household income and reducing the agricultural labor intensity.Further research shows that the effect of the large-scale agricultural operation on the health of farm households is more pronounced in the scenario of centralized and continuous farmland,and that the effect of the farmland scale operation on the health of farm households is more obvious in younger households and those with higher education level.Accordingly,it is recommended to moderately promote the large-scale agricultural operation,implement differentiated agricultural land management mode,and en the market mech-anism in the land transfer market,in order to provide useful reference for promoting the development of the agricultural economy and making"Healthy China"benefit the rural revitalization.

关 键 词：农地规模经营 农户健康 农户家庭收入 农业劳动强度 作用机制 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]