菌磷耦合对紫花苜蓿土壤酶活性、磷含量及干物质产量的影响  

Effects of Bacterial-Phosphorus Coupling on Enzyme Activity,Phosphorus Content and Dry Matter Yield of Alfalfa Soils

作　　者：张盈盈 胡丹丹 马春晖[1] 张前兵[1] ZHANG Yingying;HU Dandan;MA Chunhui;ZHANG Qianbing(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第9期54-64,共11页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260347,32001400);兵团科技创新骨干人才计划项目(2021CB034);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助。

摘　　要：为探讨解磷细菌与磷肥耦合对紫花苜蓿根际及非根际土壤磷素、土壤酶活性的影响,阐明苜蓿土壤磷素利用效率、土壤肥力与干物质产量之间的关系。本试验采用两因素完全随机设计,接菌处理设置单接种胶质芽孢杆菌(J_(1))处理、巨大芽孢杆菌(J_(2))处理、二者联合接菌(J_(3))处理和对照接灭菌菌种(J_(0))处理,施磷处理设置施磷(P_(2)O5)100 mg/kg(P_(1))和0 mg/kg(P_(0))处理。结果表明:在P_(0)、P_(1)条件下,植株磷浓度及干物质产量均为施菌处理大于J_(0)处理,且在J_(3)处理下达到最高;相比于J_(0)处理,接菌处理总干物质产量分别提高了19.7%~40.7%和26.9%~66.1%;除第1茬非根际土壤有效磷含量、蔗糖酶及第2茬非根际土壤碱性磷酸酶活性外,其余条件下苜蓿根际及非根际土壤速效磷含量、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均表现为J_(2)、J_(3)处理显著大于J_(0)处理;苜蓿根际及非根际土壤pH值均为J_(3)处理显著小于J_(0)处理;菌磷耦合中紫花苜蓿土壤磷素利用效率在J_(3)P_(1)处理下达到最大,值为13.9%。接菌、施磷对苜蓿植株磷浓度、干物质产量、土壤速效磷含量、pH值、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均有极显著影响,菌磷互作对苜蓿植株磷浓度、土壤速效磷含量、非根际土壤pH值、脲酶活性有显著影响。综合分析发现,各指标间的综合评价由高到低为J_(3)P_(1)>J_(1)P_(1)>J_(2)P_(1)>J_(3)P_(0)>J_(2)P_(0)>J_(0)P_(1)>J_(1)P_(0)>J_(0)P_(0)处理,苜蓿总干物质产量与土壤pH呈负相关关系,与植株磷浓度、磷素利用效率、速效磷含量、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性呈正相关关系。在施磷100 mg/kg的同时,共接种胶质芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌,最有利于增强土壤肥力,提高苜蓿根系对磷素的利用效率进而提高苜蓿的干物质产量。Objectives of this research are investigate the effects of the coupling of phosphorus solutionbacteria and phosphorus fertilizer on the phosphorus and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soil of alfalfa,and to clarify the relationship between soil phosphorus utilization efficiency,soil fertility and dry matter yield.A two-factor completely randomized design was fitted with inoculation,single inoculation of Bacillus mucilaginosus(J_(1)),Bacillus megaterium(J_(2)),combination of two inoculants(J_(3))and the no inoculation(J_(0))as control and phosphorus application 100 mg/kg P_(2)O5(P_(1))and 0 mg/kg(P_(0))as control as fixed variables.Results of the research revealed phosphorus concentration and dry matter yield of plants was higher compared to control after inoculation under both phosphorus application levels,in which J_(3) was the highest.Dry matter yield after inoculation improved 19.7%-40.7%for P_(0) and 26.9%-66.1%for P_(1).Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere alfalfa soil were improved significantly compared to control after inoculation on available phosphorus content,AKP,urease and sucrase activities except nonrhizosphere available phosphorus content and sucrase activity of first cut or non-rhizosphere AKP of second cut.For soil pH,a significant reduction was found in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere alfalfa soil.Phosphorus utilization efficiency of alfalfa soil was the highest(13.9%)when J_(3) and P_(1) applied.Bacterial inoculation and phosphorus application had significant effects on alfalfa plant phosphorus concentration,alfalfa dry matter yield,soil available phosphorus content,soil pH,soil AKP activity,soil urease activity,and soil sucrase activity.Bacterial-Phosphorus Coupling had effects on alfalfa plant phosphorus concentration,soil available phosphorus content,non-rhizosphere pH,and soil urease activity.Level of treatment combinations was ranked for response variables by comprehensive analysis as J_(3)P_(1)>J_(1)P_(1)>J_(2)P_(1)>J_(3)P_(0)>J_(2)P_(0)>J_(0)P_(1)>J_(1)P_(0)>J_(0)

关 键 词：苜蓿 解磷细菌 磷素利用效率 土壤酶活性 干物质产量 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]