牧户草场载畜率特征及其影响因素研究  

Research on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Herdsmen's Pasture Stocking Rate

作　　者：丁晓辉 武丽雯 严振杰 李平[2] 张湘宜 DING Xiaohui;WU Liwen;YAN Zhenjie;LI Ping;ZHANG Xiangyi(College of Grass Industry,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Industrial Development and Planning Institute,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学草业学院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]国家林业和草原局产业发展规划院,北京100010

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第9期105-117,共13页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科学技术厅重点研发项目“草甸草原修复技术研发与生态功能提升路径研究”(2022YFDZ0040);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IGR-05)。

摘　　要：基于内蒙古自治区4个旗216户牧户的调研数据,分析不同类型草场载畜率的变化趋势及其超载过牧状况,并利用多元线性回归模型分析牧户草场载畜率的影响因素。结果表明:4个旗均有不同程度的超载过牧;核减饲草料购买效用后的草场载畜率均有不同程度的下降;随着草场面积增大,牧户草场载畜率显著降低;草原补奖收入、户主年龄、牧业收入占比、家庭支出、单位家畜饲草料支出、能否获得贷款、参加合作社情况和草场经营面积对草场载畜率有显著影响;中小牧户是草原补奖政策失灵和超载过牧的主要群体。基于回归分析结果,提出了降低草场超载率的措施和建议。Using survey data from 216 herdsmen across four counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,this study analyzed the dynamics of pasture stocking rate among herdsmen of different scale and assessed the extent of overgrazing.A multiple linear regression model was employed to investigate the factors affecting herdsmen's pasture stocking rate.The results showed that all regions experienced varying degrees of overgrazing.The stocking rate decreased following a reduction in forage purchases.Additionally,as the grassland area increased,the stocking rate significantly declined.Key factors affecting the stocking rate included income from grassland ecological subsidies,the age of the household head,the proportion of income derived from animal husbandry,household expenditures,forage cost per livestock unit,access to loans,participation in cooperatives,and the size of managed grassland area.Small and mediumsized holders were identified as the primary group impacted by the inefficacy of grassland ecological subsidy policies and the prevalence of overgrazing.Based on these findings,recommendations were provided to encourage the reduction of pasture stocking rate on grasslands.

关 键 词：牧户 载畜率 饲草料购买效用 影响因素 草原补奖政策 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]