干旱胁迫下木醋液对“大豆-大豆蚜-异色瓢虫”三级营养系统的影响  

Effects of wood vinegar on the tertiary nutrition system of“Glycine max-Aphis glycines-Harmonia axyridis”under drought stress

作　　者：李俊鹏 付雪 张宏钰[1] 叶乐夫 LI Junpeng;FU Xue;ZHANG Hongyu;YE Lefu(College of Plant Protection of Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin150080,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学植物保护学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2024年第5期90-98,共9页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费(2022-KYYWF-1068)。

摘　　要：大豆(Glycine max)生长发育在生物(蚜虫)和非生物因子(干旱)胁迫下,能否通过施用木醋液复合生物制剂增加作物抗逆性,实现作物稳定生产对于应对未来气候变化给农业生产带来的挑战具有重要意义。本研究以干旱与木醋液为处理因子,以“大豆-蚜虫-瓢虫”三级营养系统为研究对象,共设置18个处理,测定大豆生物量、根冠比、大豆蚜(Aphis glycines)种群动态、异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)捕食量、发育历期,以及大豆、大豆蚜、异色瓢虫的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等指标,其主要结果如下:(1)轻度与重度干旱胁迫下大豆生物量(-29.6%,-66.6%)显著降低,根冠比(15.2%,37.5%)显著升高;仅有蚜虫(缺少天敌)时,轻度干旱胁迫下喷施木醋液相对于未施木醋液组大豆生物量(16.2%)显著增高;轻度干旱下,大豆GST活性显著升高(117.5%),喷施木醋液后大豆GST(46.5%)和CAT(13.3%)活性均显著升高;重度干旱胁迫下大豆GST(-78.0%)、POD(-63.9%)和CAT(-81.4%)活性均显著降低。(2)轻度与重度干旱胁迫下大豆蚜种群数量(-12.9%,-22.1%)显著降低;轻度干旱胁迫与重度干旱胁迫下,施用木醋液相对于不用木醋液大豆蚜种群数量分别显著降低(-16.9%,-20.0%);重度干旱胁迫下大豆蚜GST(149.6%)和CAT(48.3%)活性均显著升高;轻度干旱胁迫下喷施木醋液大豆蚜GST(77.8%)和CAT(52.4%)活性显著上升。(3)重度干旱胁迫下,异色瓢虫成虫日捕食量显著降低(-16.6%),施用木醋液后异色瓢虫成虫日捕食量显著增高(8.7%);轻度干旱与重度干旱胁迫下相对于正常浇水组异色瓢虫幼虫发育历期显著延长(4.9%,10.9%),轻度干旱木醋液处理与重度干旱下木醋液处理蚜虫饲喂瓢虫幼虫,其发育历期(-4.2%,-5.3%)均显著缩短;重度干旱胁迫下异色瓢虫GST(43.2%)和CAT(156.5%)活性均显著升高。因此,干旱胁迫会抑制大豆生长发育,而喷施木醋液能促进大豆生长发育,提Under the stress of biological(aphid)and abiotic factors(drought),whether the applica-tion of wood vinegar compound biological agents can increase crop resistance and achieve stable crop production is of great significance for coping with the challenges brought by future climate change to agricultural production.In this study,drought and wood vinegar were used as treatment factors,and the“Glycine max-Aphis Glycines-Harmonia Axyridis”three-level nutrition system was used as the research object,with a total of 18 treatments.Soybean biomass,root-shoot ratio,population dynamics of A.glycines,predation of H.axyridis,developmental duration,and activities of glutathione-S-trans-ferase(GST)and catalase(CAT)in soybean,A.glycines and H.axyridis were measured.The main results are as follows:(1)Under mild and severe drought stress,soybean biomass(−29.6%,−66.6%)decreased significantly,and root shoot ratio(15.2%,37.5%)increased significantly.When there were only aphids(lack of natural enemies),spraying wood vinegar liquid phase under mild drought stress significantly increased the biomass of soybean in the group without wood vinegar(16.2%).Under mild drought,the GST activity of soybean increased significantly(117.5%),and the GST(46.5%)and CAT(13.3%)activities of soybean increased significantly after spraying wood vinegar.However,the activities of GST(−78.0%),POD(−63.9%)and CAT(−81.4%)were significantly decreased under severe drought stress.(2)The population of A.glycines(−12.9%,−22.1%)decreased significantly under mild and severe drought stress.Under mild drought stress and severe drought stress,the applica-tion of wood vinegar liquid phase significantly reduced the population of soybean aphids without wood vinegar(−16.9%,−20.0%).The activities of GST(149.6%)and CAT(48.3%)were significantly increased under severe drought stress.Under mild drought stress,the activities of GST(77.8%)and CAT(52.4%)of A.glycines sprayed with wood vinegar increased significantly.(3)Under severe drought stress,the daily predati

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 木醋液 三级营养系统 生物制剂 保护酶 

分 类 号：S435.29[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]