薄壳山核桃径向生长及星天牛防治效果研究  

Investigation on the radial growth of Carya illinoensis and the control effect of Anoplophora chinensis

作　　者：曹大跃 张经发 王敬波 陈伟 曹顺 贾波涛 CAO Dayue;ZHANG Jingfa;WANG Jingbo;CHEN Wei;CAO Shun;JIA Botao(Changfeng Nutpa Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Changfeng 231137,China;Nutpa Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 231271,China;Guangxi Nutpa Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Baise 533000,China)

机构地区：[1]长丰县坚果派农业有限公司,安徽长丰231137 [2]坚果派农业有限公司,安徽合肥231271 [3]广西坚果派农业有限公司,广西百色533000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第18期42-48,共7页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：长丰县薄壳山核桃+金融+科技项目(2024)。

摘　　要：明确薄壳山核桃的径向生长特征及病虫为害情况,探究高效、经济的星天牛防治措施。以安徽合肥长丰县区域内种植的薄壳山核桃为试验对象,使用Logistic方程拟合胸径随树龄变化的过程,建立薄壳山核桃径向生长模型;采用普查法调查薄壳山核桃病虫害发生情况,根据虫害调查结果设计不同药剂对星天牛幼虫的防治试验,试验分为4组:2%噻虫啉1000倍稀释液+40%透翠30倍稀释液(CF-1);40%噻虫啉1000倍稀释液+40%透翠30倍稀释液(CF-2);40%噻虫啉1000倍稀释液+有机硅500倍稀释液(CF-3);以清水+40%透翠30倍稀释液作为对照组(CK);并对试验效果较好的组合进行大规模防治实践,分析防治效益。径向生长结果表明,2018—2023年薄壳山核桃胸径净增加32.34 mm,相比2018年胸径增长267.94%,胸径净生长量对树龄变化呈抛物线型走势,Logistic生长呈“S”型曲线,胸径生长速率呈现“慢—快—慢”趋势,1~18年为薄壳山核桃胸径快速生长期,18年之后胸径变化趋于稳定。病虫害种类调查结果显示,对薄壳山核桃造成较严重为害的害虫主要包括蛀干类害虫、食叶类害虫、刺吸类害虫和种实类害虫4类,其中以蛀干类害虫为害最为严重,蛀干类害虫以星天牛为代表;2021年基地标准地块星天牛总为害率24.72%,其中树干中部为害率较高,可达36.11%;2022年园区移栽区的星天牛受害率高于1标段和2标段;星天牛为害的同龄林胸径在2~10 cm,多数受害株的径阶在5.0~6.9 cm。不同药剂组合对星天牛防治效果显示,CF-2组合防治效果最佳,药剂喷施1 d后即出现明显效果,虫孔减退率达16.66%,5 d后虫孔减退率达100%;CF-3组合对星天牛的防治有效性在70%左右。2021和2022年的规模化防治效果及效益分析表明,“40%噻虫啉1000倍稀释液+40%透翠30倍稀释液+有机硅500倍稀释液”的综合使用,明显降低了防治费用,具有较高的应用价值。由此可见,有机硅�In order to clarify the radial growth characteristics and the damage of diseases and insects in Carya illinoensis,the efficient and economical control measures of Anoplophora chinensis were explored.The Carya illinoensis planted in Changfeng County,Hefei,Anhui Province was taken as the test object,and the radial growth model of Carya illinoensis was established by using Logistic equation to fit the process of the change of breast diameter with tree age.The occurrence of diseases and insect pests in Carya illinoensis was investigated by general survey method,and the control experiment of Anoplophora chinensis with different agents was designed according to the results of the pest investigation.The experiment was divided into 4 groups:2%thiacloprid 1000 times liquid+40%toucui 30 times liquid(CF-1);40%thiacloprid 1000 times liquid+40%toucui 30 times liquid(CF-2);40%thiacloprid 1000 times liquid+silicone 500 times liquid(CF-3);the control group(CK)was set up with clean water+40%toucui 30 times solution.The large scale control practice was carried out for the combination with good experimental effect,and the benefit of control was analyzed statistically.The radial growth results showed that the net increase in diameter at breast height was 32.34 mm between 2018 and 2023.Compared with 2018,the diameter at breast height increased by 267.94%.The net growth of diameter at breast height showed a parabolic trend with the change of tree age,and the logistic growth curve showed an“S”shape.Curve,the growth rate of diameter at breast height shows a“slow-fast-slow”trend.1 to 18 years is the period of rapid growth of the diameter at breast height of Carya illinoensis.After 18 years,the changes in diameter at breast height tend to be stable.The survey results of pests and diseases showed that the diseases and insect pests that cause serious harm to pecans mainly include stem-boring pests and leaf-eating pests.There are four types of pests,sucking pests and seed pests.Among them,stem-boring pests were the most serious.Stem-

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 径向生长 Logistic生长模型 害虫调查 星天牛防治 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]