黄土高原退耕还林区典型植被大型土壤动物群落特征  

Characteristics of large soil animal communities in the returning farmlandto forests area of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：史嘉豪 闫慧玲 王思艺 刘长海[1] 赖善梅 SHI Jiahao;YAN Huiling;WANG Siyi;LIU Changhai;LAI Shanmei(School of Life Sciences,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《延安大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期68-75,共8页Journal of Yan'an University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(32060297,31370541);陕西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310719077)。

摘　　要：为了解黄土高原退耕还林区典型植被类型土壤动物群落特征及其影响因子,选取“退耕还林第一县”延安市吴起县内的金佛坪小流域退耕后形成的典型乔木(刺槐)、灌木(沙棘)、混交林(山杏×沙棘)、草地4种生境中的大型土壤动物进行研究。于2021年春、夏、秋、冬四个季节使用手拣法收集,进行大型土壤动物采样,通过对研究区内植被、林下草本以及耦合土壤因子对土壤动物群落特征的影响进行分析,结果表明:刺槐乔木林中捕捉650只土壤动物共57个类群,沙棘灌木林中捕获472只土壤动物共37个类群,山杏沙棘混交林中共捕获491只土壤动物46个类群,撂荒草地共捕获315只土壤动物29个类群,不同生境土壤动物群落组成结构差异显著;刺槐乔木中土壤动物群落多样性最高;生境、林下草本群落、土壤因子与土壤动物群落密切相关;根据RDA-VPA分析,不同土壤动物群落组成结构主要受到林下草本植被群落的影响,进一步分析表明土壤速效钾、碱解氮、非毛管孔隙度、和地下草本生物量是影响土壤动物群落组成的主要影响因子。In order to understand the characteristics and influencing factors of soil animal communities of typical vegetation types in the Loess Plateau’s conversion of farmland to forest area,four typical habitats of soil animals,including black locust,shrub,mixed forest,and grassland,formed after the conversion of farmland to forest in Wuqi County,Yan’an City were selected to study.In spring,summer,autumn,winter of 2021,large soil animal samples will be collected by hand picking method,and the effects of vegetation,understory herbs,and coupled soil factors on the characteristics of soil animal communities in the study area will be studied.The results showed that 650 soil animals were captured in 57 groups in the black locust tree forest,472 soil animals were captured in 37 groups in the sea buckthorn shrub forest,491 soil animals were captured in 46 groups in the mixed forest of mountain apricot and sea buckthorn,and 315 soil animals belonging to 29 groups were captured in abandoned grasslands.The composition and structure of soil animal communities in different habitats showed significant differences.The diversity of soil animal community was highest among black locust trees.Habitat,understory herbaceous communities,soil factors were closely related to soil animal communities.According to RDA-VPA analysis,the composition of different soil animal communities was mainly influenced by understory herbaceous vegetation communities.Further analysis shows that soil available potassium,alkaline nitrogen,non capillary porosity,and underground herbaceous biomass were the main influencing factors on soil animal community composition.

关 键 词：土壤动物 不同生境 群落特征 黄土高原 吴起县 植被类型 退耕还林 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]